- 


8 

•HI 


NOTES  ON  THE  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


YUCATAN  AND  CENTRAL  AMERICA ; 


YrOAIAX,  CHIAPAS,  (ilATF.MALA   (TM'K  ItUINS  OF  PALKXQl'K,   Od >SIX<  ;<  >.  A  XI) 

(  Oi'A.N).  AXU  OAXAOA  (Itrixs  OF  MITLA.) 


A  LIST  OF  SOMK  Of  TKK  AVIMTKUS  oN  THIS  sriiJKrT  FROM  THE 
SIXTKKNTH  fKNTl'lIY  TO  TIIK  I'RKSENT  TIME. 


Wo  II  r  EST  E  11: 

p ii  E s s  OF  (HAS.  HAMILTON; 

.".  11    MAI  x   S  T  i;  i:  K  r . 
1881. 


NOTES  ON  THE  BIBLIOGRAPHY 


OF 


YUCATAN  AND  CENTRAL  AMERICA ; 


COMPRISING 


YUCATAN,  CHIAPAS,  GUATEMALA  (THE  EUINS  OF  PALENQUE,  OCOSINGO,AND 
COPAN),  AND  OAXACA  (Rums  OF  MITLA.) 


A  LIST  OF  SOME  OF  THE  WRITERS  ON  THIS  SUBJECT  FROM  THE 
SIXTEENTH  CENTURY  TO  THE  PRESENT  TIME. 


\?    nr 
BY  AD.  '  F.^BANDELIER. 


FBOM  PBOCEEDINGS  OF  THE  AMEBICAN  ANTIQUABIAN  SOCIETY,  OCTOBEK  21, 1880. 


WORCESTER: 

PRESS  OF  CHAS.  HAMILTON, 
311  MAIN  STREET. 

1881. 


2 


132 


BANCROFT 


NOTES 

ON    THE 

BIBLIOGRAPHY  OF  YUCATAN   AND   CENTRAL    AMERICA.1 


BY  AD.  F.  BANDELIER. 


YUCATAN. 

Writers  of  the  Sixteenth  Century. 

JUAN  DIAZ,  chaplain  to  Juan  de  Grijalva.  "  Itinerario  de  1*  Armata 
del  Re  Catholico  in  India  verso  la  Isola  de  luchathan  del  anno  M.  D. 
XVIII."— Printed  first  (in  the  Italian  language)  as  an  appendix  to  the 
14  Itinerario  de  Ludovico  VarthemV  in  the  edition  of  1520,  and  subse- 
quently in  the  editions  of  1522,  1526  and  1535  of  the  latter  book.  It  was 
also  translated  into  the  English  language  by  Richard  Eden,  in  the  "His- 
toric of  Travayles,"  London,  1577,  but  I  am  not  sure  whether  the  re- 
port of  Diaz  is  contained  in  it.  The  most  popular  translation  is  that 
by  FI.  Ternaux-Compans,  in  his  first  "  Recueil  de  pieces  relatives  a 
la  conquete  du  Mexique,"  (Vol.  X.  of  his  "  Voyages,  Relations  et  Me- 
moires  originaux  pour  servir  a  P  histoire  de  la  dScouverte  de  P  Ameri- 
que,")  and  the  latest  and  best  reprint,  together  with  a  splendid  Spanish 
translation,  is  contained  in  Vol.  I.  of  "Coleccion  de  Documentos  para  la 
Histoda  de  Mexico,"  1858,  by  Sr  J.  G.  Icazbalceta,  of  Mexico. 

PETRUS  MARTYR  AB  ANGLERIA.  "  Enchiridion  de  insulis  nuper  reper- 
tis  simulatque  incolarum  moribus,"  Basel,  1521.  (Separate  print  of  the 
4th  Decade,  which  contains  the  first  items  about  Yucatan  ever  published 
in  Europe  after  Diaz's  report). 

"  De  orbe  novo  decades  Petri  Martyris  ab  Angleria,  Mediolaneusis, 
protonotarii,  Cesarei  seuatoris. — Compluti  apud  Michaelem  de  Eguia," 
in  December,  1530.  Alcala. 

"Opus  Epistolarum  Petri  Martyris  Anglerii,  Mediolanensis,  &c.,  &c." 
Also  printed  by  Miguel  dn  Eguia.  Alcala. 

Of  further  reprints,  and  of  translations  of  Peter  Martyr's  works  (the 
reports  on  Yucatan  are  contained  in  the  4th  and  5th  Decades),  I  merely 
quote:  " Novus  orbis  regionum  ac  iusularum  veteribus  incognitarum, 
&c."  by  Simon  GrynaBUS,  Basel,  1532,  embodying  Dec's  1,  2,  3,  and  4. 


!The  absence  of  Mr.  Bandelier  in  Mexico,  precludes  a  submission  of  the 
proof  to  his  revision,  and  will  account  for  any  errors  that  may  be  discovered 
in  the  text. 

PUBLISHING  COMMITTEE. 


(Also  the  edition  of  1536.)— A.  French  translation  of  the  4th  Decade,  by 
Simon  dc  Colines,  Paris,  1532.— A  German  version,  by  Honiger  of 
Konigshofen.— Hackluyt's  reprint  of  1587.  "  De  orbe  novo  Petri  Mar- 
tyris  Anglerii,  &c.,  &c.,"  and  finally  the  complete  English  translation  by 
Michael  Lok  and  Richard  Eden :  "  De  novo  Orbe,  or  the  Historic  of  the 
West  Indies,  &c.,  &c.,"  London,  1612.  I  need  not  dwell  on  the  great 
Importance  of  Martyr's  book,  for  Yucatan. 

HERNAN  CORTES.  (His  first  letter  is  lost :  in  place  of  it  the  letter  of 
the  "Municipality  of  Vera  Cruz,"  dated  10th  July,  1519,  contains  a  short 
statement  about  Yucatan.  This  letter  is  printed  in  Vol.  I.  of  "Coleccion 
de  Documentos  ineditos  para  la  historia  de  Espana,"  and  in  Vol.  I.  of 
*'  Historiaclores  primitives  de  Indias,"  by  Enrique  de  Veclia,  Madrid, 
1852. — Folsom's  translation  of  1843.  "  Despatches  of  Hernan  Cortes, 
the  conqueror  of  Mexico,  &c."  substitutes  an  Introduction  by  the  trans- 
lator himself.— The  earliest  mention  of  this  report  is  found  in  Robert- 
son :  "History  of  America,"  Vol.  III.,  p.  289,  Edition  of  1800,  and  an 
abstract  is  found  in  Prescott :  "Conquest  of  Mexico,"  Appendix  II.,  3d 
Vol.)  "  Fifth  letter-to  the  Emperor  Charles  VII.,"  noticed  by  Robertson 
and  Prescott;  contained,  in  full,  in  "Historiadores  primitives  de  Indias," 
Vol.  I.,  by  Vedia.  A  full  English  translation,  by  Pascual  de  Gayangos, 
was  published  in  1868,  by  the  "  Hackluyt  Society,"  vol.  40. 

JUAN  CRISTOBAL  CALVKT  DE  ESTRELLA.  "  De  Rebus  Gestis  Ferdi- 
nandii  Cortesii,"  written  betweu  1548  and  1560,  and  printed  with  a  Span- 
ish translation:  "  Vida  do  Cort6s,"  by  Sr.  Icazbalceta  in  Vol.  I.  of 
"Col.  de  Documentos  para  la  Hist,  de  Mexico."— Short  and  meagre. 

ANDRES  DE  TAPIA.  "  Relacion  hecha  por  el  Senor  Andre's  de  Tapia, 
sobre  la  conquista  de  M6xico."  (Icazbalceta's  "Coleccion  de  Docuraen- 
tos,  &c."  Vol.  II.  Mexico,  1866.) 

BENEDETTO  BORDONE.  "Libro  di  Benedetto  Bordone.— Nel  qual  si 
ragione  tutte  1'Isole  del  mondo  con  li  loro  nomi  antichi  e  moderni," 
1528.— Later  editions  also. 

GIROLAMO  BENZONI.  "  Historia  del  Mondo  Nuovo,"  Venice,  1565. — 
Translated  into  German  by  Nicolaus  Hoeniger:  "  Die  Neue  Welt  und 
Indianischen  Konigreichs,  neue  und  wahrhaffte  geschichte,  &c.,  &c.,' 
Basel,  1579. —Incorporated  in  Theodore  De  Bry  "  Grosse  Reisen," 
Parts  4,  5,  and  6.— Of  other  prints  I  but  mention  the  latest  English  trans- 
lation, published  by  the  Hackluyt  Society  in  1857  (Vol.  21,)  under  the  title 
of  "  History  of  the  New  World,  by  Girolamo  Benzoni,"  edited  as  well  as 
translated  by  Rear-Admiral  W.  H.  Smyth.  There  are  Italian  versions  of 
1572,  French  of  1587,  and  Latin  of  1600. 

BERNAL  DIEZ  DEL  CASTILLO.  "  Historia  verdadera  de  la  Conquista  de 
Nueva  Espuna,"  Madrid,  1632.  (There  may  be  two  editions  of  the  same 


yeaif?]).  Of  the  Spanish  reprints  I  mention  here  (also  contained  in 
"  Historiadores  primitivos  cle  Indias,"  Vedia,  1852,  Vol.  II.),  the  one 
of  1837,  Paris,  4  Vols.  12°,  and  the  other  of  1854,  Mexico,  4  vols.  also. — 
Two  English  translations  are  known  to  me  at  present:  "The  True 
History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico,  by  Captain  Bernal  Diez  del  Cas- 
tillo," translated  by  Maurice  Keatings,  London,  1800.— "The  Memoirs 
of  the  Conquistador,  Bernal  Diez  del  Castillo,"  translated  by  John  In- 
gram Lockhart,  London,  1844. — There  is  also  a  German  translation,  by 
P.  J.  Kelifuss,  Bonn,  1838.— Bernal  Diez  (not  Diaz)  is  very  valuable  as 
eye-witness,  having  been  to  Yucatan  with  Cordoba  (1517),  Grijalva 
(1518).  Cortes  (1519),— and  finally  with  the  latter  to  Honduras,  passing 
through  Peten. 

FRAY  LORENZO  DK  BIENVENIDA.  Letter  to  the  Infanto  Philip  (II. J, 
dated  Yucatan,  10  February,  1548.  Original  in  MS.  French  trans- 
lation by  H.  Ternaux-Compans  in  "  ler  Eecueil  de  Pieces  concernant  le 
Mexique,"  Vol.  X.  1838,  of  his  collection  of  "Me"moires  et  documents 
Originaux,  &c.,  &c." 

GONZALO  FERNANDEZ  DE  OVIEDO  Y  VALDES.  "Historia  General  y 
natural  de  las  Indias,"  composed  of  50  books.— The  first  19  books,  and 
part  of  the  50th,  were  published  by  the  author  as  early  as  1535, — and 
the  first  20  books  as  early  as  1557, — but  the  entire  work  has  only  been 
printed  in  1851,  at  Madrid,  4  Vols.  folio.— It  is  full  of  details  concerning 
Yucatan: 

FRANCISCO  LOPEZ  DE  GOMARA.  "Historia  general  de  las  Indias,  y  todo 
lo  acaescido  en  ellas  dende  que  se  ganaron  hasta  agora.  Y  la  conquista 
de  Mexico,  y  de  la  nueva  Espana,  &c."  Zaragoza,  1552. — Of  this  book  I 
quote — e.  g — the  following  Spanish  editions  :  Medina  del  Campo,  1553. 
Antwerp,  2  prints,  1554 — Zaragoza,  1555, — and  it  is  also  contained  in 
"Historiadores  primitivos  de  Indias,"  by  Andres  Gonzalez  Barcia,  Ma- 
drid, 1749,  Vol.  II. — and  in  "  Historiadores  primitivos  de  Indias,"  by 
Vedia,  Madrid,  1852,  Vol.  I. — There  is  an  Italian  version,  by  Augustino 
de  Cravaliz,  Rome,  1556,  ("La  Histoirie  generate  delle  Indie  Occiden- 
tal!. &c.,  &c."),  and  French  translations  published  respectively  in  1578, 
1587,  1597,  and  1G05. — Finally,  Juan  Bautista  de  San  Anton  Munoz 
Chimalpain  Guauhtlehuanitzin  made  a  translation  into  the  Mexican,  or 
"  Ntihuatl "  language,  which  C.  M.  Bustamante  published  at  Mexico, 
in  1826. — I  know  of  no  English  translation  of  the  work. — It  actually 
consists  of  two  parts,  the  "  Historia  General,"  and  the  "  Conquista  de 
Mexico." — The  former  contains  a  short,  but  fair,  description  of  Yuca- 
tan, and  the  latter  a  report  on  CorteV  doings  there  and  matters  relating 
'thereto. 

BARTOLOM&  DE  LAS  CASAS.  Of  the  numerous  (over  forty)  writings  of 
the  Bishop  of  Chiapas,  I  select  only  "  Historia  de  las  Indias,"  published 


"at  last,"  Madrid,  1875  and  1876,  by  the  Marquis  de  la  Fuensanta  del 
Valle  and  Don  Jose  Sancho  Rayon,  in  5  vols.  The  5th  Vol.  contains 
the  famous  "Apologetica  Historia."— Another  publication  of  the  "  His- 
toria  de  las  Imlias,"  though  not  as  complete,  has  appeared  in  Mexico  in 
2  vols.,  as  the  first  series  of  Sr.  J.  M.  Vigel's  "Biblioteca  Mexicana," 
1877  and  1878.— It  does  not  contain  the  "Apolog&ica."— Fragments  of  the 
latter  are  found  in  Lord  Kingsbo  rough's  "Antiquities  of  Mexico,"  Vol. 
VIII. 

"  Brevissima  relacion  de  la  destrnycion  de  las  Indias,"  Sevilla,  1552. 
Of  this  polemic  and  strongly  tinged  memoir  there  aie  innumerable  ver- 
sions.— I  know  of  Spanish  publications  besides  the  above,  and  those  of 
London,  1812,— Philadelphia,  1821,— both  due  to  Dr.  De  Mier.— Madrid, 
J.  A.  Llorente,  1822,  and  Mexico,  1822. — Latin  translations;  Franc-fort, 
1598;  Oppenheim,  1614;  Heidelberg,  1664. — French  translations:  Ant- 
werp, 1579;  Amsterdam,  1620;  -Rouen,  1630;  Lyon,  1642;  Paris,  1697; 
Amsterdam,  1698.  (The  last  two  contain  each  five  papers  of  Las 
Casas),  and  Paris,  1822.  "Oeuvres  de  Don  Bartolome  de  las  Casas, " 
by  J.  A.  Llorente.— Of  Italian  Translations  (with  Spanish  text).  I  allude 
to  those  of  1626.  Venice.— 1630,  Id.  :-  1643,  Id.,  and  also  of  1645.— 
There  is  a  German  translation  of  .1599. — Dutch  translations :  Amster- 
dam, 1610  and  1621,  and  1663. — I  know  of  but  one  English  translation, 
which  bears  the  title  "A  Relation  of  the  first  voyages  and  discoveries 
made  by  the  Spaniards  in  America,  &c.,  &c."  London,  1699, — although 
Dr.  Robertson  mentions  one  of  1693. — Las  Casas  must  be  used  with 
great  caution. 

DIEGO  DE  LANDA.  "  Relacion  de  las  cosas  de  Yucatan." 
Bishop  Landa  was  born  in  1524,  and  died  in  1579;  his  work  must 
therefore  have  been  written  between  1549  and  the  latter  date.  It  was 
published  by  the  Abb6  Brassenr  de  Bourbourg.  in  1860,  with  a  French 
translation  opposite  to  the  Spanish  text,  and  under  the  title  of  "  Rela- 
tion des  choses  de  Yucatan.'*— Republished  again  in  1864,  with  some 
other  matter. 

The  merits  of  Landa  are  certainly  very  great,  but  the  real  import  of 
his  so-called  "A.  B.  C."  ("De  sus  letras  forme  aqui  un  a.  b.  c."  pp.  316 — 
319),  has  been  misunderstood  and  correspondingly  misrepresented.  The 
picture  which  Landa  gives  us  of  the  customs  and  organization  of  the 
Mayas  is  completely  at  variance  with  some  of  his  other  statements. 
Much  close  attention  is  required. 

"  CARTAS  DE  INDIAS."    Vol.  I.     Madrid,  1878. 

These  contain  several  letters  and  reports  on  Yucatan,  from  the  16th 
century.  I  only  refer  to  one,  a  complaint  of  four  Indian  "goberna- 
dores,"  dated  12  April,  1567,  against  the  Bishop  Diego  de  Landa,  desig- 
nating him  as  "principal  author  of  all  these  evils  and  troubles  .  .  .  ." 

JOSEPH  DE  ACOSTA.  "Historia  natural  y  moral  de  Indias,"  Sevilla, 
1590.  I  merely  mention  this  author,  without  entering  into  further  biblio- 


graphical  details  about  his  work.  It  has  been  translated  into  many 
languages,  and — in  part  or  wholly — incorporated  in  many  general  collec- 
tions of  "Americana."  He  says  but  little  about  Yucatan,  still  his  book 
is  indispensable  to  any  one  studying  Yucatecan  antiquities,  I  also 
advert  here  to  his  former  publication,  which  is  but  little  known  :  "  De 
promuigatione  Evangelij  apud  Barbaros,  sive  de  procuranda  Indoruna 
salute,"  Libros  6;  printed  in  1589. 

GERONIMO  DE  MENDIETA.  "  Historia  ecclesiastica  Indiana,"  written 
about  1590,  but  printed  for  the  tirst  time,  by  Sr.  J.  G.  Icazbalceta,  at 
Mexico,  in  1870  — Contains  much  and  valuable  information. — Mendieta 
has  been  extensively  copied  by  Torquemada. 

FRAY  TORIBIO  PE  PAREDKS,  SURNAMED  "  MOTOLINIA."  "  Historia  de 
los  Indios  de  Nueva-Espana,"  written  about  1540,  but  published  in  full 
only  by  Sr.  Icazbalceta  in  Vol.  I.  of  "Coleccion  de  Documentos,  &c." — 
Mentions  Yucatan  incidentally. — A  large  part  of  the  work  had  been 
printed  before  in  the  "  Documentos  ineditos,  &c."  under  the  title  of 
"Ritos  Antiguos,  Sacrificios  6  Idolatrias  de  las  Indias  de  la  Nueva- 
Espana," — also  in  Vol.  IX.  of  Lord  Kingsborough. — A  Latin  version, 
under  the  title  of  "  De  Moribus  Indorum  "  may  have  existed  once. 

Yucatan  is,  furthermore,  mentioned  in  many  works  of  a  more  general 
.  character,  embodying  information  gathered  mostly  from  the  sources 
already  referred  to.  I  do  not,  therefore,  enter  into  any  lengthy  biblio- 
graphical sketches  of  them. 

SIMON  GRYNAEUS.  "Novus  Orbis,"  1532.  Already  noticed  under 
Petrus  Martyr. 

PETRUS  APIANDS.  "  Cosmographia,"  1539,  1545,  1561  (Dutch  ver- 
sion), &c. 

ABRAHAM  ORTELIUS.     "Theatrum  orbis  terrarum,"  1571,  1588,  &c. 

THOMASO  PORCACCHI.  "  L'  isole  pio  famose  del  Mondo,"  1572,  1576, 
1590,  &c.,  &c. 

G.  MERCATOR.  "Atlas,  six  Cosmographical  Meditations."  Duisburg, 
1594. 

CONRAP  LOEW.     "  Meer  oder  See-Ansicht  Buch."    Cologne,  1598. 

SEBASTIAN  MONSTER.     "  Cosmographey,"  1575,  &c. 

ANPRE  THEVET.  "Les  singularites  de  la  France  antarctique,  autre- 
ment  nomm6  Amerique,  et  de  plusieurs  Terres  et  Isles  decouvertes  de 
notre  temps."— Paris,  1558;  Antwerp,  1558;  in  Italian,  at  Venice,  1561. 

I  forbear  further  mention  of  the  polemic  works  on  the  origin  of  the 
!  American  Indians, — and  now  turn  to  some  writers  whose  works  are 
i  probably  lost,  or  at  least  not  accessible,  although  there  is  positive  evi- 
I  dence  of  their  former  existence. 

FRAY  GERONIMO  ROMAN.  "  Republica  Indiana" — certainly  existed  as 
late  as  1630,  or  "  Republica  de  las  Indias  Occidentales." 


8 

FRAY  ALONZO  SOLANA.  "Noticias  Sagradas  y  profanas  de  las  Anti- 
giiedacles  y  Conversion  de  los  Indios  de  Yucatan."  (Written  before 
1600). 

DON  FRANCISCO  MONTEJO.  "Cartaal  Key  sobre  la  fundacion  de  la 
Villa  de  San  Francisco  de  Campeche,  y  de  la  Ciudad  de  Merida,"  14 
June,  1543.  (Still  at  Sevilla,  leg.  7.  "  Cartas  de  Indias  "). 

In  the  above  list  I  have  not  included  any  Grammar,  Vocabulary, 
Serraonary,  "  Doctriua,"  &c.,  &c.,  for  the  use  of  the  Indians  of  Yucatan, 
or  written  in  the  Maya  language,  of  which  several  are  known.  In  con- 
clusion, I  beg  to  add  the  Maya  writing,  entitled  : 

"  SERIES  OF  KATUNES,"  published,  with  an  English  translation,  by  Mr. 
J.  L.  Stephens,  in  "Incidents  of  travels  in  Yucatan,"  and  by  Brasseur 
de  Bourbourg,  in  "Rel.  d.  ch.  de  Y." 


Writers  of  the  Seventeenth  Century. 

ANTONIO  DE  HEURERA.  "  Historia  general  de  los  hechos  de  los  Cas- 
tellanos  en  las  Islas  y  la  Tierra  firme  del  rnar  Oeeano,"  Madrid,  1601, 
1615,  4  vols.  folio.  There  are  two  other  editions  in  the  original  lan- 
guage :  Madrid,  1726  and  1730.  and  Antwerp,  1728. 

Of  this  most  important  book,  several  translations  have  appeared,  em- 
bodying either  the  whole  or  only  a  part. — Thus  a  French  translation  of 
the  "  Descripcion  de  las  Indias  Occidentales,"  appeared  at  Amsterdam 
in  1622  twice,  and  a  French  translation  of  the  1st,  2d  and  3d  Decades,  at 
Paris,  1671. — A  Latin  version  of  the  "  Descripcion  "  was  also  published  in 
1622,  by  Colin,  at  Amsterdam,  and  a  very  unreliable  English  rendering 
by  John  Stephens,  in  6  vols.  8°,  appeared  at  London  in  1725.  Herrera 
is  one  of  the  most  important  authorities  on  every  subject  of  which  he 
treats. 

GREGORIO  GARCIA.  "Origen  de  los  Indios  del  Nuevo  Mundo  e  Indias 
Occidentales."  1st  Edition,  1606;  Second  Edition,  Madrid,  1729,  by 
•Barcia. — A  very  important  and  valuable  work. 

JUAN  DE  TORQUEMADA.  "Los  veinte  y  uno  Libros  Ritualesy  motiarchia 
Indiana,  con  el  origen  y  guerras  de  los  Indios  Occidentales."  1st 
Edition,  Madrid,  1613;  2d  Edition,  Madrid,  1723.  Barcia. 

AUGUSTIN  DE  VETANCOURT.  "Teatro  Mexicano."  MSxieo,  1698. — 2d 
Edition,  in  "Biblioteca  de  la  Iberia,"  Mexico,  1870. — Treats  of  Yucatan 
incidentally,  speaking  of  Cortes,  &c. 

The  work  consists  properly  of  three  books  :  the  "  Teatro,"  the  "  Cro- 
nica  de  la  provincia  del  Santo  Evangelio  de  Mexico,"  and  the  "Menolo- 
gio  franciscano." 

ANTONIO  DE  REMESAL.  "  Historia  general  de  las  Indias  Occidentales, 
y  particular  de  la  gobernacion  de  Chiapas  y  Guatemala." — This  book  has 


9 

also  another  title  :  "  Historia  de  la  Provincia  de  San  Vicente  de  Chyapa 
y  Guatemala  de  la  Orden  de  San  Domingo." — Madrid,  1619  and  1620. — 
Treats  of  Yucatan  also,  following  Las  Casas  generally.  An  important 
work. 

BERNARDO  LIZANA.  (Lizama  or  Lizaba?)  "  Devocionario  de  Nuestra 
Seiiora  de  Itzmal,  Historia  de  Yucatan  e  de  conquista  Espiritual,"  1663, 
according  to  the  Abb6  Brasseur  and  Leon  y  Pinelo. — E.  G.  Squier 
speaks  of  two  works :  one  "  Historia  de  la  Provincia  de  Yucatan,  y  su 
couquista  Espiritual,"  Valladolid,  1633,  and  the  other  "  Historia  de 
Nuestra  Senora  de  Izamal." — Whichever  way  may  be  right,  there  remains 
accessible  as  yet,  but  a  fragment  published  in  Spanish,  with  a  French 
translation  by  the  Abbe  Brasseur  in  his  "Relation  des  choses  de  Yuca- 
tan," 1864.  The  fragment  is  entitled  :  "  Del  principio  y  Fundacion  cles- 

tos  cuyos  omules  deste  Sitio  y  Pueblo  de  Ytzmal " — Lizana 

is  of  the  highest  importance  and  value,  and  it  is  much  to  be  regretted 
that  the  entire  book  is  of  such  difficult  access. 

DIEGO  LOPEZ  DE  COGOLLUDO.  "Historia  de  Yucatan." — 1st  Edition, 
Madrid,  1688;  2d  Edition,  Merida,  1842;  3d  Edition,  1867.— Cogolludo 
has  always  been  regarded  as  the  historian  of  Yucatan  "par  excellence." 
He  is  indeed  indispensable  for  any  study  of  Yucatan  antiquities,  but, 
like  all  other  authors,  he  must  never  be  implicitly  followed.  The  closest 
criticism  possible  is  absolutely  required. 

GIL  GONZALEZ  DAVILA.  "  Teatro  ecclesiastico  de  la  primitiva  Iglesia 
de  los  Indies  Occidentales."  Madrid,  1649. 

JUAN  DIAZ  DE  LA  CALLE.  "  Memorial  y  Resumen  breve  de  Noticias 
de  las  Indias  Occideutales."  Madrid,  1654. 

These  constitute  the  most  important  sources  on  Yucatan  written  dur- 
ing the  17th  century.  Nearly  all  of  them  are  of  special  value,  and  we 
would  call  particular  attention  to  Cogolludo,  Liz,ana,  Torquemada,  Her- 
rera,  and  Remesal.  Among  such  authors,  who  wrote  upou  the  subject 
and  whose  writings  are  not  now  accessible,  I  name  here  : 

PEDRO  SANCHEZ  AGUILAR.  "Relacion  de  las  Cosas  de  Yucatan,  y  In- 
forme  contra  lo«  Iclolatras  del  Obispado  de  Yucatan,  &c."  1639. 

FRANCISCO  CAKDENAS.  "  Relacion  de  la  Conquista  y  Succesos  de 
Yucattsn,"  1639.  (If  existing,  probably  in  Spain). 

NICOLAS  LIZARRAGA.  "  Represeutacion  al  Rey  pidiendole  la  Conquista 
de  Itza  y  Lacandon,  con  unas  Noticias  y  Mapa  de  dichas  Tierras." 

NICOLAS  DE  VALENZUELA.  An  account  of  the  expedition  against  the 
Lacaudones,  written  1695,  and  comprising  402  pages. 

I  would  further  call  attention  to  the  land  titles,  such  as  Deeds, 
Grants,  donations,  &c.,  &c.,  in  Yucatan,  some  of  which  go  back  to  the 
2 


10 

17th  century.  ,  Those  contain  occasional  references  to  the  Indian  settle- 
ments, some  of  which  are  certainly  of  great  value  and  importance. 

Finally,  I  refer  to  some  general  works,  treating  of  Yucatan : 

SAMUEL  PURCHAS.  "  His  Pilgrimage,  &c.,  &c."  London,  1613,  1614 
and  1617.  (This  forms  the  5th  volume  of  Pnrchas'  great  works).— The 
great  work  of  Purchas,  also  known  as  "  Hackluytus  Posthumous,"  ap- 
peared in  1625,  and  treats  also  of  Yucatan. 

O.  DAPPER.  "  Die  unbekannte  neue  Welt,  oder  Beschreibung  des 
Welt-theils  Amerikas,  &c."  Amsterdam,  1673.  This  is  in  factbut'a  trans- 
lation of  the  following : 

ARIAS  MONTANUS.  "  De  Nieuvre  en  Onbekende  Weereld  :  of  Beschry- 
ving  van  America  en  t'  Zuid  Lande."  Amsterdam,  1671. 

MATHIAS  QUAD.  *«  Enchiridion  Cosmographicum  :  Dass  ist,  Ein  Hand- 
biichlein,  der  gantzen  Welt  gelegenheit,  &c."  Cologne,  1604  and  1608. 

JOANNES  PETRUS  MAFFEI.  "...  historiarum  Indicarum  libri  XVI., 
&c."  Antwerp,  1605 — frequently  reprinted  and  translated. 

JACOBUS  VIVERUS.  (Van  de  Vijvere).  "  Handbook  :  of  Cort  hegrijp 
der  Caerten  Ende  Beschryviughen  van  alien  Landen  des  Werelds." 
Amsterdam,  1609.  (This  is  the  2d  edition  of  an  anonymous  atlas). 

CORNELIUS  WYTFLICT  ET  ANTHOJNE  MAGIN.  "  Histoire  universelle 
des  Indes  occidentales  et  orientates,"  Douay,  1611. 

GASPARD  ENS.  "  West  und  Ost>Indischer  Lustgart. : "  Co- 
logne, 1618. 

AUBKRTUS  MIRAEUS.  "  De  statu  religioners  christianae  .  .  .  ."  Co- 
logne, 1619. 

ATHANASIUS  INGA.     "West-Indische  Spiegel,  &c."    Amsterdam,  1624. 

JOHANN  PHILIPP  ABELIN.  (Gottfriedt).  "Neue  Welt  und  American- 
ische  Historien."  Francfort.  a.  m.  1655. 

A.  O.  EXQUEMELIN.  **  De  Amerikaensche  Zee-Roovers,"  Amster- 
dam, 1678.  (Innumerable  translations,  &c.  &c). 

EBERHARD  WERNER  HAPPEL.  "  Thesaurus  Exoticorum."  Hamburg, 
1688.  (Indifferent  compilation). 

I  do  not  include  in  this  hasty  bibliographical  list  any  linguistical 
works  whatever, — or  writings  on  the  plants  and  medicinal  herbs  of 
Spanish- America.  Purposely  I  omit  also  Antonio  de  Solis,  whose  his- 
tory of  the  conquest  of  Mexico  has  a  great  literary,  but  hardly  any 
scientific,  value. 

Writers  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

JUAN  DE  VILLAGUTIERRE  Y  SoTOMAYOR.  "  Historia  de  la  Conquista 
y  Reducciones  de  los  Itzaes  y  Lacaudoues  en  la  America  Septentrional." 
Madrid,  1701.  The  first  part  only,  composed  of  10  books, — the  second 
part  may  not  have  been  completed,-^at  least  it  has  remained  unknown 
till  now.  Tl>e  work  }s  of  the  highest  importance,  especially  for  that 
part  of  Yucatap  wljjcfr  has  since  hardly  been  explored. 


11 

ABBATK  FRANCESCO  SAVERIO  CLAVIGERO.  S.  J.  "  Storia  antica  del 
Messico."  Cesena,  1780,  1781.  Spanish  translations:  London,  1826; 
Mexico,  1844,  id.  1853.  English  translation  :  London,  1787.  German 
version:  Leipzig,  1789.  (The  English  copy  by  Sir  Charles  Cullen),-<- 
all  these  works  mention  Yucatan  also. 

ANTONIO  DE  ALCEDO.  "Diccionario  geografico-historico  de  las  Indias 
Occidentales  6  America "  Madrid,  1786-1789.  5  vols.  4°.— Eng- 
lish translation  by  G.  A.  Thompson.  London,  1812-15. 

JOSEPH  ANTONIO  DE  VILLA-SENOR  Y  SANCHEZ.  "  Teatro  Ameri- 
cano." Mexico,  1746. — Of  indirect  value  for  Yucatan.  (2  vols.  folio). 

J.  LAFITAN.  S.  J.  "  Moeurs  des  sanvages  americains,  comparees  aux 
moeurs  des  premiers  temps."  Paris,  1724.  (There  is  a  Dutch  transla- 
tion :  "  De  Zeden  de  Wildeu  van  Amerika,"  but  I  have  no  access  to  its 
date  at  present). — The  best  ethnological  work  previous  to  1850. 

ABBE  GUILLAUME  THOMAS  RAYNAL.  "Histoire  philosophique  et  politi- 
que  des  etablisxements  et  du  commerce  des  Europeens  dans  les  deux 
Indes."  Paris,  1780,  and  other  editions.  English  translation.  Edin- 
burgh, 1782. 

WILLIAM  ROBERTSON.  "History  of  America."  (Numberless  editions 
and  translations,  all  too  well  known  to  require  special  mention  here). — 
Highly  important. 

CHEVALIKR  DE  PAUW.  "Recherches  philosophiques  sur  les  Am6ri- 
cains."  London,  1771.  A  strongly  negative,  and  through  its  exaggera- 
tions in  that  direction,  very  injudicious  work.  Still  it  should  be  read 
attentively,  as  well  as  the  rejoinder  to  it  by  Dora  Pernetty. 

GEMELLI  CARRERI.  (Properly  belongs  to  the  17th  century).  "Giro 
del  Mondo.  .  ."  Naples,  1721. — French:  "  Voyage  du  Tour  du  Monde." 
Paris,  1719. 

In  the  Library  of  the  Cathedral  of  Mexico  there  still  exists : 
ARTURO  O'NEiL.     "  Descripcion,  Poblacion,  y  censo  de  la  Provincia 
de  Yucatan  en  la  Nueva  Espaiia."     1795. 

We  have  also  notice  of  the  former  existence  of  the  following  works, 
by: 

FRAY  ANDRES  AVENDANO.  "Diccionario  de  nombres  de  personas, 
idolos,  danzas,  y  otras  antiqiledades  de  los  Indies  de  Yucatan." 

"Explicacion  de  varios  Vaticinios  de  los  antiguos  Indios  de  Yuca- 
tan." 

To  take  notice  of  all  the  geographical  works,  cyclopaedias,  &c.,  &c., 
published  in  the  18th  century,  and  which  contain  notices  of  Yucatan, 


12 

would  he  a  task  exceeding  far  the  time  and  limits  of  this  list.  It  can 
easily  be  proved,  however,  that  the  works  on  especially  Yucatecan 
topics  are  not  numerous.  This  may  be  due,  in  part,  to  the  rigorous  ex- 
clusion of  foreigners  from  Spanish  America,  and  the  consequent  decline 
of  intellectual  activity  towards  the  close  of  Spanish  domination.  The 
great  collection  of  Juan  Bautista  Munoz  contains  hardly  anything  on 
Yucatan. 

Writers  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

Here  the  number  of  publications  increases  so  rapidly,  that  I  cannot 
attempt  to  notice  all.  Besides,  many  of  the  authors  are  so  well  known 
that  a  mere  mention  of  their  names  and  the  titles  of  their  works  will  suf- 
fice. Periodicals  containing  papers  on  Yucatan,  will  be  mentioned 
generally,  but  detailed  reference  to  special  articles  can  be  given  only 
in  a  few  exceptional  instances.  The  latest  works  will  only  be  alluded  to. 

ALEXANDER  VON  HUMBOLDT.  "  Essai  politique  sur  le  royaume  de  la 
Nouvelle-Espagne."  Paris,  1811,  2  vols.  4°. — Id.  Paris,  1811,  5  vols.  8°. — 
Paris,  1825-27,  4  vols.  8°.  Spanish  translation:  Madrid,  1818.  English 
translation  by  John  Black.  London,  1811.  Also  translated  into  the 
German.  References  to  Yucatan  and  its  inhabitants  may  also  be  found 
in  "  Ansichten  der  Natur,"  (Notes),  and  even  in  "Kosmos." 

FRIEDRICH  VON  WALDECK.  "Voyage  pittoresque  et  archSologique 
dans  la  Province  de  Yucatan."  Paris,  1838.  Splendid,  but  the  draw- 
ings are  mostly  restorations, — therefore  suspicious. 

ANTONIO  DEL  Rio. 

(The  date  of  this  report  is:  "Palenque  24  June,  1787,"  and  I  shall 
refer  to  it  more  particularly  under  the  heading  of  "Chiapas," — still,  as 
it  contains  the  report  of  the  Franciscan,  Thomas  de  Soza,  on  Yucatecan 
ruins,  I  place  it  here  also). 

"Description  of  the  Ruins  of  an  ancient  City,  discovered  near  Palen- 
que, in  the  Kingdom  of  Gautemala,  in  Central  America;  translated  from 
the  original  manuscript  report  of  Captain  Don  Antonio  del  Rio."  Lon- 
don, 1822. — There  are  two  German  translations  :  one  "  Huehuetlapallan, 
Amerika's  grosse  Urstadt,  &c."  Meiningen,  1824,  and  v.  Mirmtoli's 
"  Beschreibung  einer  alten  Stadt  in  Guatemala."  1832. — A  French 
translation,  by  D.  B.  Warden,  in  "Antiquites  Mexicaines."  Vol.  II. 
and,  finally,  the  Spanish  original,  in  "  Diccionario  universal  de  Geo- 
grafia,  &c."  Vol.  VIII. — See  also  abstract  in  "  Mosaico  Mexicano." 
Vol.  II. 

LORENZO  DE  ZAVALA.  Report  on  Uxraal,  published  in  Vol.  I.  of  "An- 
tiquites Mexicaines." 

JOHN  L.  STEPHENS.  "Travels  in  Central  America,  Chiapas,  and 
Yucatan."  N.  York,  1841, 

"Incidents  of  travel  in  Yucatan."    N.  York,  1843. 


13 

F.  CATHERWOOD.  "  Views  of  Ancient  Monuments  in  Central  America, 
Chiapas  and  Yucatan."  N.  York,  1844. 

B.  M.  NORMAN.     "Rambles  in  Yucatan."    N.  York,  1843. 

CHARLES  ST.  JOHN  FANCOURT.  "  The  History  of  Yucatan."  London, 
1854. — Not  of  great  value. 

EMMANUEL  VON  FRIEDRICHSTHAL.  Letter  of  21  April,  1841,  in  "Re- 
gistro  Yucateco,"  Vol.  II.,  and  "  Diccionario  Universal,"  Vol.  X. — "Les 
Monuments  de  1' Yucatan, "in  "  Nouvelles  Anuales  des  Voyages,"  1841, 
Vol.  92. — These  papers  are  not  very  valuable. 

JUAN  GALINDO.  Report  on  the  antiquities  of  Lake  Peten.  "Antiqui- 
tes  Mexicaiues,"  Vol.  I. 

MODESTO  MENDEZ.  Report  on  Tikal.  "Zeitschrift  fur  allgemeine 
Erdkunde,"  Vol.  I.;  1853;  also  in  Siver's  "  Mittelamerika"  and  other 
places.  He  is,  as  yet,  the  only  authority  on  Tikal. 

JULIUS  FROEBEL.  "Aus  Amerika,  Erfahrungen,  Reisen,  und  Studien." 
Leipzig. — English  translation  :  "  Seven  years  travel  in  Central  America." 
London,  1861. 

CARL  BARTHOLOMAUS  HELLER.  «*  Reisen  in  Mexico."  Leipzig,  1853. 
— Rather  fair  and  moderate. 

DESIR£  CHARXAY,  and  VIOLLET  LE  Due.  "Cites  et  Ruines  ameri- 
caines."  Paris,  1863. — luvaluable  for  its  photographs. 

ARTHUR  MORELKT.  "Voyage  dans  1*  AmSrique  centrale,  1'  lie  de 
Cuba,  et  la  Yucatan."  Paris,  1857.  English  translation  by  Mrs.  E.  G. 
Squier.  "  Itza,  or  the  unexplored  regions  of  Central  America."  Lon- 
don, 1871. — A  very  attractive  and  valuable  work. 

CHARLES  ETIENNE  BRASSEUR  DE  BOURBOURG.  "  Histoire  des  Nations 
Civilisees  du  Mexique  et  de  1' Amerique  centrale."  Paris,  1857-9.  "  Rap- 
port sur  les  Ruines  de  Mayapan  et  d'  Uxmal,"  in  ''  Archives  de  la  Comis- 
sion  scientifique  du  Mexique,"  Vol.  II. 

"Relation  des  choses  de  Yucatan."  Paris,  1864.  (See  Landa  and 
Lizana). 

"Quatre  Lettres  sur  le  Mexique."    Paris,  1868. 

"  Manuscrit  Troano."    Paris,  1869-1870. 

The  late  Abbe  Brasseur  was  certainly  the  greatest  of  all  modern  trav- 
ellers in  Mexico  and  Central  America,  as  far  as  extent  of  travel  and  long 
duration  of  stay  are  concerned.  He  knew  those  countries  better,  and 
had  easier  access  to  the  natives,  than  any  other  similar  traveller  of  this 


14 

century.  His  works  are  therefore,  actual  mines  of  wealth  so  far  as  old 
documents  are  concerned:  he  has  collected  and  brought  to  light  more 
manuscripts  than  any  other  student.  But  his  honest  zeal  and  unre- 
strained enthusiasm  have  led  him  into  paths  on  which  he  has  wandered 
lamentably  astray.  His  works  are  indispensable,  though  very  little  of 
his  own  conclusions  can  be  believed. 

JUAN  Pio  PEKEZ.  "  Cronologia  antigua  de  Yucatan,"  in  "Relation 
des  choses  de  Yucatan."  1864.  Diccionario  de  la  Lengua  haya. 
Merida,  1877. 

MANUEL  OKOZCO  Y  BERRA.  "  Geografla  de  las  Lenguas  y  Carta  etuo- 
grattca  de  Mexico."  Mexico,  1864. 

AMERICAN  ANTIQUARIAN  SOCIETY,  Worcester,  Mass.  Proceedings  No. 
44.  Oct.  1865,  page  63.  Report  of  S.  F.  Haven,  LL.D. 

Proceedings  No.  55.  Oct.  1870,  page  42.  Report  of  S.  F.  Haven, 
LL.D. 

Proceedings  No.  56.  April,  1871,  page  7.  Report  of  S.  F.  Haven, 
LL.D. 

Proceedings  No.  66.  April,  1876,  page  16.  "  The  Mayas,"  by  Stephen 
Salisbury,  jr. 

Proceedings  No.  69.  April.  1877,  page  70.  "Dr.  Le  Plongeon  in  Yuca- 
tan," by  Stephen  Salisbury,  jr. 

Proceedings  No.  70.  Oct.  1877,  page  81).  Report  of  S.  F.  Haven, 
LL.D. 

Proceedings  No.  71.  April,  1878,  page  71.  "Terra  Cotta  Figure  from 
Isla  Mujeres,"  by  Stephen  Salisbury,  jr.  Page  91,  "The  Mexican  Cal- 
endar Stone,"  by  Philipp  J.  J.  Valentini,  Ph.D. 

Proceedings  No.  72.  Oct.  1878,  page  65.  "  Archasological  Communi- 
cation on  Yucatan,"  by  Augustus  Le  Plongeou,  M.D.  Page  77,  "Notes 
on  Yucatan,"  by  Mrs.  Alice  D.  Le  Plongeon. 

Proceedings  No.  73.  April,  1879,  page  81.  "Mexican  Copper  Tools," 
by  Philipp  J.  J.  Valentiui,  Ph.D.  Page  113,  "Letter  from  Dr.  Augustus 
Le  Plongeon." 

Proceedings  No.  74.  Oct.  1879,  page  71.  "The  Katunes  of  Maya 
History,"  by  Philipp  J.  J.  Valentini,  Ph.D. 

Proceedings  No.  75.  April,  1880,  page  59.  "  The  Landa  Alphabet," 
by  Philipp  J.  J.  Valentin!,  Ph.D. 

Proceedings  No.  76.  Oct.  1880,  page  58.  "Mexican  Paper,"  by 
Philipp  J.  J.  Valentini,  Ph.D.  Page  82,  "Notes  on  the  Bibliography 
of  Yucatan  and  Central  America,"  by  Ad.  F.  Bandelier. 

PHILIPP  J.  J.  VALENTINI.  "A  new,  and  an  old  Map  of  Yucatan,"  in 
"Magazine  of  American  History,"  1879. 

ALBERT  GALLATIN.  "Notes  on  the  semi-civilized  nations  of  Mexico, 
Yucatan,  and  Central  America,"  in  Vol.  I.  of  "  Transactions  of  the 
American  Ethnological  Society."  N.  York,  1845. 


15 

A.  AUBIN.  "  MSmoire  sur  la  peinture  didactiqtie  et  l'6criture  figura- 
tive des  anciens  in6xicaines."  Paris,  1859-1861.  (4  papers,  published 
also  in  the  "  Revue  am6ricaiue  et  Orientale."  1st  Series,  Vols.  III.,  IV. 
and  V.) 

LEOX  DE  ROSXY.  "Les  Ventures  figuratives  et  hi6roglyphiques  des 
peuples  anciens  et  modernes."  Paris,  1860. 

"  Memoire  sur  la  Numeration  dans  la  Langue  et  dans  1'  6criture  sacree 
des  anciens  Mayas."  (Compte-Rendu  du  "  Congr6s  international  des 
americanistes."  1875,  Vol.  II.) 

"Essaisur  le  dechiffrement  de  1' Venture  hieratique  de  1*  AmSrique 
Centrale."  Paris,  1876.— Still  continued. 

FRANCISCO  PIMEXTEL.  "Cuadro  descriptive  y  comparative  de  las' 
Lenguas  Indigenas  de  Mexico."  Mexico,  1862. 

German  translation,  by  Isidor  Epstein.     N.  York,  1877. 

HYACINTHE  DE  CHARENCY.  "  Recherches  sur  le  Codex  Troano." 
Paris,  1876. 

D.  GEROXIMO  CASTILLO.  "  Diccionario  Historico,  Biografico  y  Monu- 
mental de  Yucatan."  M6rida,  1866.  2  vols. 

SKRAPIO  BAQUEIRO.  "  Ensayo  Historico  sobre  las  Revoluciones  de 
Yucatan,  1840—1864."  Merida,  1870.  2  vols. 

GUSTAV  KLEMM.  "  Allgemeine  Culturgeschichte  der  Menschheit." 
10  vols.  Leipzig,  1843 — 1852. 

HEINRICH  WUTTKE.     "Die  Enstehung  der  Schrift." 

EDWARD  KING,  LORD  KIXGSBOROUGH.  "  Antiquities  of  Mexico." 
1831-1848,  London,  9  vols.  folio.  Special  value  of  plates. 

DE  LARENAXDIERE.  "  Mexique  et  Guatemala,"  in  "  Uuivers  pittor- 
esque."  Paris,  1843. 

WM.  H.  PRESCOTT.  "History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico."  (Too 
well  known  to  need  any  remarks). 

LEWIS  H.  MORGAX.  "  Systems  of  Consanguinity  and  Affinity  of  the 
Human  Family."  1871. 

(No.  218  of  "  Smithsonian  Contributions  to  Knowledge.") 

"  American  aboriginal  Architecture."    Johnson's  Encyclopedia,  Vol.  I. 

"  Ancient  Society."    New  York,  1877. 

HUBERT  HOWE  BAXCROFT.     "  The  Native  Races  of  the  Pacific  States." 
5  vols.     N.  York,  1875. 
JOHN  D.  BALDWIN.     "Ancient  America."    New  York,  1872. 

JOSE  M.  MELGAR  Y  SERRANO.  "  Examen  comparative  entre  los  Sig- 
nos  simbolicos,  &c."  Vera  Cruz,  1872. 

GUSTAV  BRUHL.  "  Die  Culturvolker  Alt-Amerika's."  New  York, 
Cincinnati,  and  St.  Louis,  1876,  1877,  and  1878. 


10 

ADOLPH  BASTIAN.  "Die  Culturlaender  des  alten  America's."  Berlin, 
1878.  2  vols. 

JOHN  T.  SHORT.     "The  North  Americans  of  Antiquity."    New  York, 

1879. 

I  further  refer  to  papers  in 

"NOUVELLES  ANNALES  DES  VOYAGES."  1843.  By  H.  Ternaux-Com- 
pans. 

"REGISTRO  YUCATECO."    Vols.  I.  and  II. 

And  to  the  publications  of 

CRESCENCIO  CARRILLO,  Licenciado.  (I  have  but  glanced  at  one  of 
his  works). 

ELIGIO  ANCONA.     "  Historia  cle  Yucatan."    Merida,  1875.    4  vols. 

MANUEL  LARRAINZAR.  "  Estudios  sobre  la  Historia  de  America,  sus 
Ruinas  y  Autigiiedades."  Mexico,  1875.  5  vols. 

On  most  of  the  works  like  those  of  Prescott,  Bancroft,  Baldwin,  and 
others,  I  need  not  comment,  having  already  expressed  my  opinion  in 
"  Art  of  War  and  Mode  of  Warfare  of  the  Ancient  Mexicans,"  and 
"  Tenure  and  Distribution  of  Lands,  and  Customs  with  respect  to  Inheri- 
tance among  the  Ancient  Mexicans." — (10th  and  llth  Reports  of  the 
Peabody  Museum).  In  regard  to  Yucatecan  paintings  and  carvings,  I 
have  expressed  my  convictions  in  "Sources  for  aboriginal  history  of 
Spanish  America,"  Vol.  27  of  the  "Proceedings  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation for  advancement  of  Science."  1878. 

I  repeat  it,  this  attempt  at  a  bibliography  on  Yucatecan  antiquities  is 
far  from  being  complete, — many  works  of  greater  or  less  importance 
having  probably  been  overlooked. 


CHIAPAS. 

THIS  district  or  State  contains  the  well  known  ruins  of  Palenque  and 
Ocosingo.  Still,  but  very  few  of  the  works  hereafter  mentioned  relate 
to  these  places.  It  is  therefore  a  bibliography  of  Chiapas  and  of  its 
aborigines:  —  Zendal,  Zoques,  Zotzil,  Chiapanecos,  &c.,  and  not  a 
special  bibliography  of  Palenque,  &c.,  which  I  intend  to  present, — con- 
vinced that  our  lack  of  knowledge  on  the  aborigines  of  Chiapas  in  gen- 
eral is  a  chief  cause  of  our  ignorance  about  the  past  history  of  these 
remains. 

A  large  number  of  authors  treating  of  Chiapas  have  already  been 
noticed  in  regard  to  Yucatan,  and  in  such  cases  I  merely  give  the 
author's  name,  without  the  title  or  any  other  reference  to  his  works, 
except  when  there  are  special  reasons  for  it. 


17 

Writers  of  the  Sixteenth  Century. 

DIEGO  DE  GODOY.  "Relacion  a  Hernando  Cortez,  en  qne  trata  del 
Descubrimiento  de  diversas  Ciudades  i  Provincias,  i  Guerra  que  tuvo  con 
los  Indies,  &c.,  de  la  Provincia  de  Chamula." — First  incorporated  in  the 
"Historia  general"  of  Oviedo  y  Valdes,  again  in  Barcia's  "Historia- 
dores  primitives  de  Indias,"  and  in  "Historiadores  primitives  de  Indias  " 
of  Vedia. — French  translation  by  Ternaux-Compans,  in  1st,  "  Recueil  de 
pieces  concernant  la  Mexique,  &c." — Also  Italian  in  "Ramusio,"  Vol.  III. 

GONZALO  FERNANDEZ  DE  OVIEDO  Y  VALDES. 

HERNAN  CORTEZ. — "  Carta  quinta." 

FRANCISCO  LOPEZ  DE  GOMAHA. 

BEKNAL  DIEZ  DEL  CASTILLO.    (Eye-witness  of  the  conquest  of  Chiapa.) 

BARTOLOME  DE  LAS  CASAS.     (Especially  the  "  Apologetica  historia.") 

GERONIMO  DE  MENDIETA.     (Incidental  mention.) 

In  the  2d  "  Recueil  de  pieces  concernant  le  Mexique"  of  Ternaux-Com- 
pans, there  is  a  complaint  or  letter  of  an  anonymous  author  against  Las 
Casas,  dated  Chiapas. — I  also  refer  to  "  Cartas  de  Indias,"  Vol.  I.,  con- 
taining several  letters  of  Las  Casas  himself. 

There  is,  in  fact,  but  very  little  published  about  the  antiquities  of 
Chiapas,  during  the  16th  century.  I  do  not  even  mention  any  of  the 
general  collections  which  have  an  occasional  reference  to  the  name.  But 
few  vocabularies  are  noticed.  Still  we  are  informed  of  the  following 
works,  which  may  yet  be  in  existence,  or  ^hich  at  all  events  have 
existed  once,  and  were  written  during  the  16th  century. 

FRAY  TOMAS  TORRE.  "  Historia  de  los  principles  de  la  Provincia  de 
Chiapas  y  Guatemala,  del  Orclen  de  Santo  Domingo." 

FRAY  DOMINGO  Vico.  "  Historia  de  los  Indies,,  sus  fabulas,  supers* 
ticiones,  costumbres,  &c.,  &c." 

The  library  of  the  "  Museo  Nacional  "  of  the  City  of  Guatemala,  con* 
tains  a  number  of  fragments  of  a  "  Histovia  de  la  frovincia  de  San 
Vicente  Ferrer  de  Chiapas  y  Guatemala,"  the  third  book  of  which  is  super-, 
scribed:  "Isagoge  historico  apologetico  general  de  todas  las  Indias."1— = 
There  is  no  date  nor  name  of  author,  but  it  can  be  conjectured  that  it 
was  written  in  the  16th  century,— Gregorio  Garcia  also  quotes:  Fray 
Estevan  de  Salazar.  "  Discurs.  Symb.  apost."  who  in  turn  is  said  to 
refer  to  a  book  entitled  "  Uistoria  i  Relacion  de  la  Teologia  de  los  Indios 
Mexicanos,"  said  book  being  lost  in  a  shipwreck,  1564. 

Writers  of  the  Seventeenth  Century. 
GREGORJO  GARCIA. 
ANTONIO  DE  HERRERA. 
JUAN  DE  TORQUEMADA. 
ANTONIO  DE  REMESAL. 
AUGUSTIN  DE  VETANCOURT. 
GIL  GONZALEZ  DA  VILA. 
JUAN  DIAZ  DE  LA  CALLE. 


18 

AUGUSTIN  DAVILA-PADILLA.  "Historia  de  la  Fundacion  y  Discurso  de 
la  Provincia  de  Santiago  de  Mexico."  1st  edition,  Madrid,  1596;  2d 
edition,  Brussels,  1625. — Mentions  Chiapas  only  in  connection  with  the 
biography  of  Las  Casas. — The  first  edition  has  almost  disappeared,  so 
that  it  is  practically  a  book  of  the  17th  century. 

AUGUSTIN  CANO.  "  Historia  de  la  Provincia  de  Predicadores  de  San- 
Vicente  de  Chiapas  y  Guatemala." — Fragment  of  a  MS.  at  the  "Museo 
Nacional "  of  Guatemala. 

The  following  books  are  known  to  have  existed  once : 
FRAY  JUAN  ZAPATA  Y  SANDOVAL.     "  Cartas  al  Conde  de  Gomera  . 
.  .  .  sobre  los  Indies  de  Chiapas." 
"  Cartas  al  Key  sobre  el  Estado  Dulce  Diocesis  de  ChiapasY' 

I  make  no  mention  of  the  compilations  and  general  collections  contain- 
ing references  to  Chiapas.  They  are  not  numerous. — Gregorio  Garcia 
in  his  book,  "  Origen  de  los  Indios,"  has  probably  the  earliest  mention 
of  the  ruins  of  Ocosingo,  and  even^  perhaps,  some  indication  about 
those  of  Palenque. — Cortez  who,  accompanied  by  Bernal  Diez,  passed 
very  near  Palenque  in  1525,  did  not  take  any  notice  of  the  pueblo, — 
which  at  that  time  was  certainly  not  inhabited. 

Writers  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

NUNEZ  DE  LA  VEGA.  "  Constituciones  diocesanas  del  Obispado  de 
Chiapas."  Rome,  1702. 

Important  for  its  reports  on  the  idolatrous  rites  and  the  traditions  of 
the  aborigines. 

LORENZO  BOTURINI  BERNADUCCI.     "  Idea  de  una  Nueva  Historia  Ge- 
neral de  la  America  Septentrional."     Madrid,  1746. 
Valuable  for  his  mention  of  the  Calendar  of  Chiapas. 

MARIANO  FERNANDEZ  DE  VEYTIA  Y  ECHEVERRIA.  "  Historia  del 
Origen  de  las  gentes  que  poblaron  la  America  Septentrional  que  Hainan 
la  Nueva-Espana,  con  noticia  de  los  primeros  que  establecieron  la  mo- 
narquia  que  en  ella  florecio  de  la  nacion  Tolteca." — This  work  has  been 
published  as  lately  as  1836,  at  Mexico,  by  C.  F.  Ortega,  under  the  title 
of  "Historia  antigua  de  M6xico." — It  contains  notices  of  the  calendar 
of  Chiapas. 

F.  X.  CLAVIGERO.     S.  J.  (ABB ATE.) 

ANTONIO  DE  ALCEDO. 

JOSEPH  ANTONIO  DE  VILLA-SENOR  Y  SANCHEZ. 

FRANCISCO  XIMENEZ.  "  Cronica  de  la  Provincia  de  Chiapas  y  Guate- 
mala,"— of  which  part  of  the  7th  book  is  at  the  "  Museo  ISTacional  "  of 
Guatemala. 


19 

"Historia  de  la  Provinciade  predicadores  de  San  Vicente  de  Chiapas 
y  Guatemala."  Written  about  1720,— and  possibly  the  same  work  as  the 
above. — According  to  Brasseur  de  Bourbourg,  3  volumes  which  did  not 
suit  or  fit  together  and  were  the  remnants  of  two  MSS.  copies  of  the 
original,  existed  at  the  University  of  Guatemala  in  1855. 

TORIBIO  Cosio.  "  Relacion  historica  de  la  Sublevacion  y  Paciflcacion 
de  la  Provincia  de  los  Tzendales."  (May  still  exist  at  Mexico.) 

FRANCISCO  VASQUEZ.  "  Cronica  de  la  Provincia  del  Ill'mo  Nombre 
de  Jesus,  del  Ordeu  de  San  Francisco  de  Guatemala." — Guatemala,  1714 
and  1716,  2  vols. — The  library  of  Guatemala  ("Museo  Nacional ")  still 
contains  an  anonymous  MS.  of  13  Leaves,  "Notas  y  Advertencias" 
to  the  above  work. — Whether  the  "  Cronica  "  itself  is  at  Guatemala,  I  am 
unable  to  say.  The  book  is  very  scarce.  Mr.  Squier  owned  the  first 
volume  only. 

Anonymous.  "  Relacion  de  la  Sublevacion  de  los  Zendales,  en  el  ano 
de  1712."  MS.  Perhaps  still  at  the  city  of  Guatemala. 

RAMON  DE  ORDONEZ  Y  AGUIAR.  "  Historia  de  la  Creacion  del  Cielo 
y  de  la  Tierra,  conforme  al  sistema  de  la  gentilidad  americaua."  MS. 
at  the  "  Museo  Nacional"  of  the  city  of  Mexico. — Very  important  for 
the  traditions  of  Chiapas. 

"Memoria  relativa  a  las  ruinas  de  Nachan,  en  las  inmediaciones  del 
pueblo  de  Santo-Domingo  del  Palenque."  MS.  formerly  belonged  to 
Brasseur  de  Bourbourg.  It  was  written  about  1784,  and  is  the  first 
authentic  report  on  the  celebrated  ruins. 

D.  NAXERA.  "  Vida  portentosa  del  V.  P.  Fr.  Antonio  Margil  de 
Jesus."  Mexico,  1753. 

H.  VILAPLANA.     "  Vida  portentosa  del  americano  septentrional  apos- 

tol  Antonio  Margil  de  Jesus "    Mexico,  1763.     (Margil  was  one 

of  the  earliest  missionaries  in  Chiapas.) 

Documents  relative  to  the  explorations  of  Palenque. 

Besides  the  "Memoria"  of  Ordonez  already  quoted,  which  first 
directed  attention  to  the  ruined  pueblo,  there  exist  the  following  docu- 
ments : 

JOSE  DE  ESTACHERIA.  "  Expedientc  sobre  el  descubrimiento  de 
una  gran  Ciudad  en  la  provincia  de  Chiapas,  distrito  de  Guatemala."  28 
Nov.  1784.  (Archives  of  the  royal  Academy,  at  Madrid).— It  is  directed 
to  the  lieutenant  "Alcalde  mayor"  of  Chiapas,  at  Sto  Domingo  del 
Palenque,  directing  him  to  survey  the  ruins. 

JOSEF  ANTONIO  CALDERON.  "Informe,  fecho  en  15  de  Diciembre  de 
1784."  Description  of  the  rains.  MSS.  translated  and  published  by 
Brasseur  in  "  Ruines  de  Palenque,"  1866. 


20 

ANTONIO  BERNASCONI.  Other  reports  on  the  ruins,  accompanied  by 
plans  and  drawings.  MS.  in  Spain.  Date,  13  June,  1578. 

JUAN  BAUTISTA  MUNOZ.  Letter  to  the  Marquis  de  Sonora,  written 
1786.  Translated  by  Brasseur:  "  Ruines  de  Palenque."  1866. 

ANTONIO  DEL  Rio.  "  Descripcion  del  terreno  y  poblacion  antigua 
nuevaraente  descubierta  en  las  inrnediaciones  del  pueblo  del  Palenque." 
— I  have  already  referred  to  it  under  "Yucatan."  Whether  the  plates 
of  the  English  edition  are  genuine,  is  yet  doubtful. 

I  must  add  here,  that  until  about  1820,  the  state  of  Chiapas  pertained, 
not  to  Mexico,  but  to  the  captain-generalcy  of  Guatemala,  and  conse- 
quently all  the  authorities  treating  of  the  latter  country  may  be  sup- 
posed to  contain  information  about  Chiapas  also. 

Writers  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

(Explorations  of  Palenque.) 

JUAN  GARRIDO.     [  ?]     Said  to  have  written  about  Palenque  in  1805. 

GUILLERMO  DUPAIX  AND  LUCIANO  CASTANEDA.  "  Relacion  hecha  al 
Rey,  sobre  tres  expediciones,  &c."  in  1805,  1806,  and  1807.  They  visited 
Palenque  late  in  1807. — Their  reports  and  drawings  were  first  published 
in  1831,  in  Vols.  IV.  and  V.  of  Lord  Kingsborough's  "Antiquities  of 
Mexico,"  and  an  English  translation  in  Vol.  VI. — A  French  and  Spanish 
version,  together  with  all  the  plates,  is  contained  in  "  Antiquit£s  mexi- 
caines."  Paris,  1834. — The  drawings  of  Castaneda  are  by  far  the  most 
complete  which  we  have,  although  they  disagree  with  many  of  those  of 
other  travellers.  This  disagreement  will  be  referred  to  hereafter. 

JUAN  GALINDO.  "Palenque  et  autres  lieux  circonvoisins."  Letter 
dated  27  April,  1831,  in  "Antiquites  mexicaines,"  Vol.  I. — English 
translation  in  the  "  Literary  Gazette,"  No.  769,  London,  1831.— Col. 
Galiudo  visited  Palenque  himself,  but  he  is  so  enthusiastic  that  all  his 
statements  and  even  measurements  should  be  taken  with  many  allow- 
ances. 

FRIEDRICH  VON  WALDECK.  "Description  des  ruines  de  Palenque," 
with  56  large  plates,  in  "Monuments  anciens  du  Mexique."  Paris, 
1866.— M.  de  Waldeck  had  spent  two  years  at  Palenque  (1832-1834,)— 
his  plates  are  magnificent,  but  they  restore  far  too  much. 

JOHN  L.  STEPHENS.  "  Travels  in  Central  America,  Chiapas,  and  Yu- 
catan." N.  York,  1841. 

"  Incidents  of  Travel  in  Yucatan."    1843. 

F.  CATHERWOOD.     (See  Yucatan.) 

ARTHUR  MORELET.     (See  Yucatan.)     Visited  P.  in  1846. 

DESIKE  CHARNAY.     (See  Yucatan.)     In  1858. 

CHARLES  ETIENNE  BRASSEUR  DE  BOURBOURG.  "Ruines  de  Palen- 
que," in  "Monuments  anciens  du  MSxique,"  1866,  Paris. — Valuable  for  the 
historical  introductions  and  for  the  numerous  references  to  authorities. 


21 

The  historical  essay  is  a  confused  and  disorderly  jumble,  barely  read- 
able.— The  Abbe  visited  Palenque  subsequently — in  1871. 

To  these  reports  I  finally  add : 

CHARLES  RAU.  "  The  Palenque  tablet  in  the  United  States  National 
Museum,"  Washington,  D.  C.,  1879.  (No.  331  of  "  Smithsonian  Contri- 
butions to  Knowledge.") 

Aside  from  the  numberless  historical,  archaeological,  and  ethnological 
works,  several  of  which  I  have  already  noticed  under  "Yucatan,"  I 
beg  to  refer  to  some  specifically  Central- American  and  Mexican  sources 
treating  of  Chiapas  in  general,  with  some  occasional  mention  of  Palen- 
que and  of  Ocosingo,  or  even  without  any  particular  reference  to  them, 

DOMINGO  JUARROS.  "  Compendio  de  la  Historia  de  Guatemala,"  180S 
—1818.— English  translation  by  J.  Bailly,  London,  1823. 

FRANCISCO  DE  PAULA  GARCIA  I*ELAEZ.  "Memorias  para  la  Historia 
del  antiguo  Reyno  de  Guatemala."  3  vols.  Guatemala,  1851. — An  excel- 
lent work,  full  of  valuable  and  reliable  information. 

HYACINTHE  DE  CHARENCY.  "LeMythe  de  Votan."  Alen§on,  1871. 
— Ingenious  speculations. 

FELIX  CABRERA.  "Teatro  critico-americano." — Published  with  the 
different  editions  of  Del  Rio.  —  Abstract  from  Nunez  de  la  Vega, 
with  more  or  less  hypothetical  speculations  about  the  origin,  life,  and 
doings  of  "Votan"  in  Chiapas. 

MARIANO  ROBLES  DOMINGUEZ  DE  MAZARIEGOS.  "  Memoria  historica 
de  la  provincia  de  Chiapas  .  .  ."  Cadiz,  1813. 

EMILIO  PINEDA.  "  Descripcion  Geograflca  del  Departamento  de  Chia- 
pas y  Soconusco."  In  the  "Boletin  de  la  Sociedad  de  geografia  y 
Estadistica  de  Mexico."  Vol.  III.  Also,  Mexico,  1845. 

Josis  DE  GARAY.  "Reconocimiento  del  Istmo  de  Tehuantepec." 
Mexico,  1844. 

FRANCISCO  PIMENTEL.  "  Cuadro  descriptive  de  las  Lenguas  indige- 
nas,  &c."  (See  Yucatan.) 

MANUEL  OROZCO  Y  BERRA.  "Geografia  de  las  Lenguas."  (See 
Yucatan.) 

In  the  imperfect  list  herewith  submitted  I  have  frequently  included 
works  of  which  nothing  is  known  save  that  they  once  existed.  This 
is  done  for  the  purpose  of  calling  attention  to  them,  should  any  one 
of  them  be  found  in  the  hands  of  book  owners  and  collectors  here  or 
abroad.  Libraries  like  those  of  Mr.  Lenox  or  of  Mr.  John  Carter-Brown 


22 

should  be  searched  for  such  writings,  and  copies  at  least  should  be 
secured.  The  plan  of  Palenque,  made  by  Bernasconi,  in  1785,  should 
also  be  copied  without  delay.  A  copy  can  be  obtained  from  Madrid,  by 
application  to  the  Royal  Academy  of  Spain. 


GUATEMALA.     (Copan  and  Chiapas  included.) 

Writers  of  the  Sixteenth  Century. 
HERNAN  CORTES.     (4th  and  5th  letter.     Casual  mention.) 

PEDRO  DE  ALVARADO.  Seventeen  letters  to  Hernan  Cortes,  the 
first  of  which  is  dated:  Utlatlan,  11  April,  1524.  Only  two  of  those 
letters  were  printed,  the  remaining  fifteen  are  yet  in  MSS.  Mr.  E.  G. 
.Squier  owned  MS.  copies  of  the  whole,  but  whither  they  went  at  his 
sale  I  do  not  know.  The  two  which  were  published  (11  April  and  28 
July),  appeared  in  the  following  works  :  "  Delle  navigationi  et  viaggi, 
&c."  by  Gian  Battista  Ramusio.  Venice,  Italian  version.  The  "due 
lettere  de  Pietro  d'  Alvarado,"  are  contained  in  the  3d  volume,  editions  of 
1556,  1565,  and  1606. 

OviED6.  "Historia  y  natural  de  las  Indias."  Vol.  III.  Written  be- 
tween 1535  and  1557,  but  printed  only  1853.  Madrid. 

ANDRES  GONZALEZ  BARCIA.  "  Historiadores  primitivos  de  Indias." 
Madrid,  1749,  Vol.  I. 

H.  TERNAUX-COMPANS.  "  Premier  recueil  de  pieces  relatives  a  la  con- 
quete  du  Mexique."  Paris,  1838. — French  translation. 

ENRIQUE  DE  VEDIA.  "Historiadores  primitivos  de  Indias."  Madrid, 
1852.  (Vol.  I.) 

These  letters,  from  the  conqueror  of  Guatemala,  are  very  important, 
and  the  15  unpublished  ones  should  be  printed  at  the  earliest  possible 
moment. 

FRANCISCO  LOPEZ  DE  GOMARA.  (Quite  full,  and  mentions  the  earliest 
author  giving  the  etymology — or  rather,  an  etymology — of  the  word 
"  Cuauhternallan." — This  is  the  earliest  printed  notice  about  it.) 

GONZALO  FERNANDEZ  DE  OVIEDO  Y  VALDES.  (Has  other  informa- 
tion besides  Alvarado's  letters.) 

BARTOLOME  DE  LAS  CASAS.  (Very  important,  particularly  on  the 
interior  provinces  pertaining  or  adjacent  to  his  bishopric  of  Chiapas.) 

GIROLAMO  BENZONI.  (Visited  Guatemala  himself,  and  although  brief, 
he  still  is  valuable.) 

PETRUS  MARTYR,  AB  ANGLERIA.  (Brief  notice,  in  connection  with 
the  movements  of  Alvarado,  in  the  last  decade,  Cap's  V.  audX. — earliest 
reports  on  Guatemala  in  general,  received  in  Europe.) 


23 

FRAY  TORIBIO  DE  PAREDES,  SURNAMED  MOTOLINIA.  (Not  only  the 
"  Historia  de  las  Indias  de  Nueva-Espaiia,"  contains  incidental  reference 
to  Guatemala, — but  there  is  a  trace  of  a  "Viaje  a  Guatemala." — Yet 
the  latter  is  still  in  doubt.) 

FRAY  GERONIMO  DE  MENDIETA. 

BERNAL  DIEZ  DEL  CASTILLO.  (Although  a  citizen  of  Spanish  Guate- 
mala, his  reports  are  not  very  full.) 

"  REQUETO  DE  PLUSIEURS  CHEFS  D'  ATITLAN."  Addressed,  under  date 
of  1  Feb'y,  1571,  to  Philip  II.  Published  in  French,  by  H.  Ternaux- 
Compans,  in  1st  "Recueil  de  pieces  concernant  le  Mexique,"  1838. — It  is 
valuable. 

PASCUAL  DE  ANDAGOYA.  "  Relacion  de  los  sucesos  de  Pedrarias 
Davila  en  las  provincias  de  Tierra  flrme  6  Castilla  del  oro,  y  de  lo 
ocurrido  en  el  descubrimiento  de  la  mar  del  Sur  y  costas  del  Peru  y  Nica- 
ragua." About  1545. — Original  at  Sevilla,  printed1  for  the  first  time  by 
Don  Martin  Fernandez  de  Navarrete,  in  1829.  Vol.  III.  of  "  Coleccion 
de  los  Viages  y  Descubrimientos,  &c." — English  translation,  by  C.  R. 
Markham,  published  under  the  title  of  "  The  Narrative  of  Pascual  de 
Andagoya,"  by  the  Hackluyt  Society,  Vol.  34,  1865.— Slight  mention  is 
made  of  Guatemala. 

ALONZO  DE  ZURITA.  (Corita?)  "Breve  y  Sumaria  Relacion  de  los 
Seiiores,  y  maneras  y  diferencias  que  habia  de  ellos  en  la  Nueva-Espana. 
.  .  .  ." — This  important  official  document,  written  about  1560,  has  been 
published  but  once  in  Spanish, — in  Vol.  II.  of  "Coleccion  de  Documen- 
tos  Ineditos  relatives  al  Descubrimiento,  Conqaista  y  Colonizacion  de 
las  Posesiones  Espaiiolas  en  America  y  Oceania,"  1865. — The  text  is, 
however,  imperfect. — A  better  original  had  been  used  by  Ternaux-Com- 
pans  for  his  French  translation  :  "Rapport  sur  les  difflrentes  classes  de 
la  Nouvelle-Espagne.'' — Zurita  is  very  important  on  the  organization  of 
the  QuichS  tribes  of  Guatemala,  and  he  has  been  almost  verbally  copied 
by  Herrera. 

DIEGO  GARCIA  DE  PALACIO.  "  Carta  dirigida  al  Rey  de  Espana," 
1576,  March  8th. — The  chief  importance  of  this  report,  in  connection 
with  this  list,  consists  in  its  being  the  earliest  notice  of  the  ruins 
of  Copan.  Herrera  made  extensive  use  of  Palacio's  writings,  but  he 
omitted  that  part  which  referred  to  Copan  because  it  was  not  confirmed 
(at  his  time)  by  any  other  testimony.  The  first  publication  of  Palacio 
was  by  Ternaux-Compans,  in  1840,  "Recueil  de  Documents  et  memoires 
originaux  sur  1'  histoire  des  possessions  espagnoles,  &c." — French  trans- 
lation :  fluent,  but  not  always  reliable.  A  Spanish  copy  appeared  in 

1806,  in  Vol.  VII.  of  "  Coleccion  de  Documentos  Ineditos "—A 

Spanish  copy,  with  English  translation,  by  E.  G.  Squier,  in  1860,  as  Vol. 
I.  of   his  "collection  of  rare  and  original  documents,  relations,  &c., 


24 

<fcc." — Finally.  Dr.  Alexander  von  Frantzius  published  a  German  trans- 
lation in  1873,  under  the  heading  of  "  San  Salvador  and  Honduras  im 
Jahre,  1576," — which  is  particularly  valuable  on  account  of  the  notes  by 
the  translator,  as  well  as  by  Dr.  C.  H.  Berendt. — Palacio  must  have  visited 
Copan  about  1576,  and  the  fact  is  established  through  him  that  its 
buildings  were  in  ruins  at  the  time  of  the  Spanish  conquest,  that  is 
about  1530,  and  no  distinct  traditions  of  their  origin  left. 

Passing  over  all  general  collections  and  geographical  works,  &c.,  &c., 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  I  will  mention : 

"CARTAS  DE  INDIAS."  (See  Yucatan.)  and  the  miscellaneous  col- 
lections like  "  Coleccion  de  Documentos  ineditos  para  la  Historia  de  Es- 
paiia,"  begun  by  Navarrete,  Miguel  Salva,  and  Pedro  Saing  de  Barada,  in 
1842,  and  still  continued. 

"  Coleccion  de  Documentos  relativos  al  Descubrimiento,  Conquista  y  Co- 
lonization de  las  Posesiones  Espanolas  en  America  y  Oceania."  Com- 
menced in  1864,  and  still  continued. 

(These  collections  contain  chiefly  documents  from  the  *'  Real  Archivo 
de  Indias,"  and  although  they  are  of  recent  date,  the  papers  are  all  from 
the  earlier  times  of  Spanish  conquest  and  settlement.) 

The  library  of  the  "  Museo  Nacional "  at  the  City  »f  Guatemala  (la 
Nueva),  contains  the  following: 

RAFAEL  AKEVALO.  "  Libro  de  Actas  del  Ayuntamiento  de  la  Ciudad 
de  Guatemala."  (Town  book  or  record,  from  1524  to  1530.) 

"  Coleccion  de  Documentos  antiguos  del  Archivo  del  Ayuntamiento  de 
la  Ciudad  de  Guatemala." — (Both  bound  in  one  volume  and  published 
in  1856  and  1857.) 

MANUSCRIPTS.  "  Libro  segundo  del  Cabildo  de  la  Ciudad  de  Santiago 
de  la  Provincia  del  Guatemala."  (1530  to  1541.) 

"Libro  tercero  de  Cabildo."     (1541  to  1543.) 

"  Historia  de  la  Provincia  de  San  Vicente  de  Chiapa  y  Guatemala." 
(Fragmentary.) 

FRANCISCO  HERNANDEZ,  CACIQUE  OF  SOLOLA.  (FRANCISCO  ERNAN- 
DEZ  ARANA  XAHILA.)  "Memorial,"  written  about  1582.  —  Original 
owned  by  Brasseur  de  Bourbourg,  who  quotes  it  under  the  heading  of 
"  Memorial  de  Tec-Pan-Atitlan." — It  is  one  of  the  most  important  and 
valuable  documents  existing  on  aboriginal  topics, — embodying,  as  it 
does,  a  statement  of  the  conquest  of  Guatemala,  written  by  a  native  in 
his  own  language. 

•*  Documentos  antiguos  de  la  casa  de  Ixcuinte-Nehaib." 

In  addition  to  these,  I  must  lay  particular  stress  on  the  "  territorial 
titles  "  land  grants,  cessions,  leases,  or  deeds  to  lands,  still  held  in  Gua- 
temala,— or  to  whatever  (if  anything)  may  be  left  of  their  records. — 
Such  papers  contain  frequently  interesting,  if  not  important  references 
to  antiquities,  traditions  and  historical  facts,  also  to  the  customs  and  man- 
ners of  the  Indians. 


25 

Among  the  other  authorities  still  perhaps  existing,  or  known  to  have 
existed,  though  of  difficult  access,  I  refer  to  those  below,  avoiding,  of 
course,  Linguistical  works,  unless  they  are  of  direct  bearing  on  other 
subjects  also. 

JUAN  ESTRADA  DE  KAVAGO  (or  Juan  Strada  Salvago.)  "  Descrip- 
cion  de  las  Frovincias  de  Costa  Rica,  Guatemala,  Honduras,  Nicaragua 
y  Tierra-flrme  y  Cartagena,  &c.,  &c."  6  May,  1572.  (MS.  copy  of  it 
belonging  to  E.  G.  Squier.) 

"  Memorial  de  las  advertencias  i  cosas  que  la  C.  Cath,  R'l  M.  del  Key 
i  su  Re.  Consejo  de  Indias  manda  hacer,  &c.,  &c."  (MS.  of  E.  G. 
Squier.)  1579. 

FRANCISCO  MONTERO  DE  MIRANDA.  "Relacion  dirigida  al  Ill'mo  Senor 
Palacio,  &c.,  &c.,  sobre  la  proviucia  de  la  Verapaz  6  Tierra  de  Guerra." 
1575.  (MS.  of  E.  G.  Squier.) 

FRAYLES  :  FRANCISCO  VIANA,  LUCAS  GALLEGO,  and  GUTLLERMO  CADE- 
NA.  "Relacion  de  la  provincia  y  tierra  de  la  Vera  Paz,"  1574.  (MS. 
of  Squier.) 

FRAY  TOMAS  CARDENAS.  "Representaciones  al  Rey  sobre  el  Estado  de 
los  Pueblos  de  la  Vera-Paz." 

FRAY  TOMAS  CASTELAR.     "  Tratado  de  los  Idolos  de  Guatemala." 

"Triunfos  de  los  Martires  del  Orden  de  Predicadores  en  las  Indias." 
Printed  1580. 

FRAY  TOMAS  TORRE.  "  Historia  de  los  principios  de  la  Provincia  de 
Chiapas  y  Guatemala,  del  Ordeu  de  Santo  Domingo." — Written  prior  to 
1567. 

FRAY  DOMINGO  Vico.  "  Historia  de  los  Indies,  sus  Fabulas,  Supers- 
ticiones,  Costumbres,  &c." 

"Teologia  para  los  Indies,  en  Lengua  de  Vera  Paz."  4  vols.  (Still 
existing.) 

GER6NIMO  ROMAN.     "  Repiiblica  Indiana."    (See  Yucatan.) 

This  list  is  certainly  far  from  complete,  and  it  may  be  that  among 
the  vocabularies,  grammars,  and  such  works  now  lost,  although  we 
know  of  their  former  existence,  there  were  some, — perhaps  even  many, — 
which  contained  historical  and  ethnological  matter  of  great  value.— It 
is  hardly  possible  to  avoid  all  allusions  to  such  subjects  in  any  work  on 
linguistics.  But  the  number  of  books  of  that  class  is  too  great  for  the 
purpose  of  the  present  list. 

Writers  of  the  Seventeenth  Century. 

AUGUSTIN  DAVILA-PADILLA.  (See  Yucatan.  First  edition  appeared 
in  1595.) 

GREGORIO  GARCIA.     (Plain  and  well  informed,  though  brief.) 

JUAN  DE  TORQUEMADA.  (Important  on  organization  and  government, 
also  myths.) 

ANTONIO  DE  HERRERA.     (Very  full  and  important.) 
4 


26 

ANTONIO  DE  REMESAL.  (Not  as  full  on  antiquities  as  might  be 
expected.) 

AUGUSTIN  DE  VETANCOURT.     (Very  slight  mention.) 
ENRICO  MARTINEZ.     (Casual  mention.") 
GIL  GONZALEZ  DAVILA. 
JUAN  DIEZ  DE  LA  CALLE. 

FERNANDO  DE  ALBA  IXTLILXOCHITL.  "  Relaciones  historicas." —  Of 
these,  the  thirteenth,  "  De  la  Venida  de  los  Espai5oles,"  is  of  particular 
interest  for  Guatemala, — since  it  relates  in  detail  Cortes'  trip  to  Hondu- 
ras. The  «« Relaciones  "  are  printed  in  full  in  Vol.  IX.  of  Lord  Kings- 
borough's  Collection, — the  13th  however,  was  published  under  the  title 
of  "Horribles  Crueldades  de  los  Conquistadores  de  Mexico,"  as  ap- 
pendix to  Sahagun's  "  Hist-general,"  Vol.  III.,  in  1829.  From  this, 
M.  Ternaux  made  a  French  translation,  published  by  him  in  1838,  as 
"CruautSs  horribles  des  Conquerants  du  Mexique," — in  the  first  series  of 
his  "Voyages  et  M6moires  originaux,  &c." 

"  Historia  de  los  Chichimecos,  o'  reyes  antiguos  de  Tezcuco."  — 
Casual  mention  of  Guatemala. — Published  in  Kingsborough,  Vol.  IX., 
and  translated  by  Ternaux  and  printed  in  French  as  "  Histoire  des 
Chichimeques  ou  des  anciens  rois  de  Tezcuco,"  in  1840. — (2d  Series.) — 
Besides  these,  there  are  found  references  to  Guatemala  in  the  "  Sumaria 
Relacion,  de  los  Toltecas."  (Kingsb.  IX.)— Ixtlilxochitl,  though  full 
of  details,  is  always  a  very  suspicious  source. — He  is  the  representative 
of  one  tribe  exclusively. 

FRANCISCO  ANTONIO  FUENTES  Y  GUZMAN.  "  Recorclacion  florida; 
Discurso  historico,  natural,  material,  militar,  y- politico  del  reyno  de 
Guatemala."  MS.  of  1690.  Original  in  the  municipal  archives  of  the 
city  of  Guatemala.  Copy  at  the  **  Museo  Nacional." — Fuentes  is  like 
Ixtlilxochitl — both  have  the  same  tendency  to  extol  their  native  tribes — 
still  both  must  be  carefully  studied  and  critically  examined. — A  publi- 
cation of  Fuentes,  well  and  judiciously  annotated,  would  be  highly 
useful. 

FERNANDO  ESPINO.  "  Historia  de  la  reduccion  y  conversion  de  la 
Provincia  de  Taguzgalpa,  con  la  Vida  de  los  tres  Martires." — Printed  at 
Guatemala,  1674. — Whether  and  where  it  still  exists  I  do  not  know. 

LIONEL  WAFER.  "  A  new  Voyage  and  description  of  the  Isthmus  of 
America." — London,  1699. 

FRAY  THOMAS  GAGE.  "  New  survey  of  the  West  Indies."  (A  work 
which  is  looked  upon  with  great  suspicion,  because  the  author,  although 
he  evidently  went  to  Guatemala  from  Mexico,  misrepresents  a  great  many 
facts.  Still  he  cannot  be  overlooked.) — This  book  appeared  first  prior 
to  1676.— Robertson  quotes  an  Englishx  edition  of  1677,  and  that  of  1699 
is  the  fourth  edition.  There  are  French  editions  of  1676,  1694-5,  1699 


27 

1720,  1721.  Dutch  of  1682,  1700.  German  of  1693.  Spanish,  1838.— 
Yet  this  list  is  evidently  still  incomplete,  as  further  material  is  out  of 
my  reach. 

ANTONIO  DE  LEON  Y  PINELO.  "  Tratado  de  Confirmaciones  Reales  de 
Encomiendas,  Oflcios,  y  casos  en  que  se  requieron  para  las  Indias  Occi- 
dentales."  Madrid,  1630.— This  work  is  one  of  the  best  on  many  vital 
points  of  Spanish  administration, — and  since  the  latter  is  so  intimately 
connected  with  the  past  and  present  condition  of  the  aborigines  as  to 
make  its  knowledge  absolutely  necessary,  —  it  must  be  attentively 
studied. — I  shall,  for  this  reason,  add  below  the  books  of  Sol6rzano : 

"  Epitome  de  la  Biblioteca  Oriental  i  Occidental,  Nautica  y  Geogra- 
fica."  Madrid,  1629.  2d  Edition,  by  Barcia,  1737  and  1738.  (Important 
bibliographically.) 

"  Reldcion  que  en  el  Consejo  Real  de  las  Indias  hizo  el  Licenciado  .  .  . 
.  .  .,  sobre  la  Paciflcacion  de  las  Proviucias  del  Manche  y  Lacandon," 
1639.  MS.  of  E.  G.  Squier. 

JUAN  DE  SOLORZANO-PEREYRA.  "  Disputationem  de  Indiarum  jure, 
sive  de  mixta  Indiarum  Occidentalium  inquisitione,  acquisitione,  et  reten- 
tione  tribus  libris  compeheusam."  (This  is  the  title  of  the  first  volume 
only,  the  second  volume  bears  the  heading  "  De  Indiarum  gubernatione, 
&c.")  Madrid,  1629-1639.— 2d  edition,  1672. 

"Politica  Indiana."  Madrid,  1648.— Subsequent  editions,  1703,  1736-39, 
1776. 

The  latter  work  is  but  a  Spanish  transcription  or  version  of  the  first. 
The  importance  of  both  is  in  their  clear  "  expose  "  of  the  principles  of 
right  and  law,  according  to  which  the  Spanish  Indies  were  governed. — 
We  are  thereby  enabled  to  judge  of  the  true  relations  existing  between 
the  conquering  and  conquered  races,  and  to  detect,  how  far  the  original 
condition  of  the  latter  was  understood  or  misunderstood  by  the  former 
— (and  misrepresented?; 

The  "  Museo  Nacional,"  at  Guatemala,  has  the  following  manuscripts 
besides  those  already  mentioned  : 

"Historiade  la  Provincia  de  Predicadores  de  San  Vicente  de  Chiapa 
y  Guatemala." — A  fragment,  possibly  by  Fray  Augustin  Cano. 

"  Solicited  que  el  Padre  Fray  Augustin  Cano  hizo  al  Ill'mo  Sr  Obispo 
de  Guatemala  ....  que  se  hallaba  de  visita  en  el  pueblo  de  Cajabon 
pidiendo  arnparo  para  reducir  a  los  indios  Choles." 

" Informe  dado  al  Rey  por  el  Padre  Fray  Augustin  Cano  sobre  la  en- 
trada  que  por  la  parte  de  la  Verapaz  se  hizo  al  Peten  en  1695." 

"  Suma  de  los  Capitulos  generales  y  principales,  ordenaciones,  &c., 
de  la  Provincia  de  Predicadores  de  Chiapa  y  Guatemala."  by  Fray  Lope 
de  Montoya. 

"  Vidas  de  varios  Padres  de  la  Provincia  de  Chiapa  y  Guatemala  del 
Orden  de  Indicadores,"  by  Fray  Antonio  de  Molina. 


28 

Whether  the  "  Noticia  6  Relacion  de  los  Padres  de  la  Orden  de  Predi- 
cadores  que  florecian  en  la  Proviucia  de  los  Zoques "  (anonymous 
MS.),  belongs  to  the  17th  century,  I  am  unable  to  say. 

Notice  of  the  following  books  or  writings  has  been  communicated  to 
me  from  various  sources  : 

FRAY  ANTONIO  AROCHENA.  "  Catalogo  y  noticia  de  los  Escritores 
del  Orden  de  San  Francisco  de  la  Provincia  de  Guatemala."  (A  very  im- 
portant bibliographical  composition,  to  judge  from  its  plan.) 

FRAY  ESTEVAN  AVILES.  "  Historia  de  Guatemala  desde  los  tiempos 
de  los  Indies,  hasta  la  fundacion  de  la  provincia  de  los  franciscanos ; 
poblacion  de  aquellas  tierras,  propagacion  de  los  Indios,  sus  ritos,  cere- 
monias,  policia,  y  Gobierno."  (Said  to  have  been  printed  at  Guatemala 
in  1663.) 

FRAY  SALVADOR  CIPRIANA.  "  Libro  de  los  Idolos  de  la  Provincia  de 
Zacatula." 

"  Hechos  de  los  Padres  Fray  Levis  Cancer,  Fray  BartolornS  de  las 
Casas,  y  Fray  Pedro  de  Angulo,  en  la  predicacion  del  Evangelic." 

"  Historia  de  la  Entrada  de  los  Espanoles  en  Zacatula." 

NICOLAS  LIZARRAGA.     (See  Yucatan.) 

FRAY  MELCHOR  DE  JESUS  LOPEZ.  "  Relacion  de  la  Conversion  a  la  Fe 
de  los  Indios  de  Salamanca."  1690. 

"  Relacion  de  la  Paciticacion  de  los  Indios  de  Vera-Paz." 

FRAY  PEDRO  SOTOMAYOR.  "  Informacion  de  los  Varones  Ilustres  del 
Orden  de  San  Francisco  del  Reino  de  Guatemala." 

DIEGO  DE  UNZUETA.  "Relacion  de  Guatemala," — handed  to  Juan 
Diez  de  la  Calle  in  1648. 

NICOLAS  DE  VALENZUELA.  (Wrote  about  the  expedition  against  La- 
candon, — in  1695.) 

FRAY  ESTEVAN  VERDELETE.  "  Noticias  de  la  Provincia  de  Teguzi- 
galpa."  (Written  between  1593  and  1612.) 

JUAN  ZAPATA  Y  SANDOVAL.     (See  Chiapas.) 

FRAY  PEDRO  DAZA.  "  Memorias  historicas  de  la  fundacion  y  predica- 
cion de  los  Religiosos  de  la  Merced  de  la  Redencion  de  cautivos  en  Gua- 
temala." 

FRAY  JOSE  MORERA.  "Noticias  de  la  Provincia  de  Guatemala,  con  un 
Tratado  de  la  Mision  y  Martirio  de  los  P.  P.  Misioneros,  Verdelete  y 
Montragudo."  (MS.  said  to  be  at  Guatemala.) 

FRAY  PABLO  REBULLIDA.  "  Informe  a  la  Andiencia  de  Guatemala 
sobre  el  estado  actual  de  la  Cristiandad  de  la  Provincia  de  Talamanca." 
1697. 

"  Cartas  sobre  el  caracter  de  los  Indios  Terrabas,  Talamancas,  y 
Changenes." 

FRAY  PEDRO  DE  URTIAGA.  "  Diario  del  Viaje  de  los  cinco  Misioneros 
desde  Queretaro  hasta  Guatemala." — Printed  in  1694,  at  Guatemala. 

ALONZO  DUARTE.  "Relacion  de  lo  que  Yo  (A.  D.J  vecino  desta  ciu- 
dad  de  Santiago  de  Guatemala  entendi  y  vide  quando  D.  Francisco  Val- 


.29 

verde  vino  a  sondar  el  puerto  de  Cavallos."     1605.     MS.   pertaining  to 
E.  G.  Squier. 

These  are  certainly  not  all, — perhaps  only  a  minority  of  the  docu- 
ments relating  to  Guatemala, — which  originated  during  the  17th  cen- 
tury. In  regard  to  the  ruins  of  Copan, — Fuentes  is  perhaps  (because  a 
number  of  the  last  enumerated  authors  I  have  not  seen)  the  only  one 
who  mentions  its  ruins,  and  even  gives  an  enthusiastic  description  of 
them,— but  Torquemada  as  well  as  Herrera  relates  the  tradition  of  Com- 
izahual,  which  also  relates  to  Copan.  The  latter  place  is,  besides,  com- 
monly regarded  as  belonging  properly  to  Honduras,  and  only  of  late  has 
been  added  to  Guatemala.  I  add  the  following,  although  they  are  of 
scarcely  any  value  for  the  purpose  in  view: 

Jos£  MONROY.  "  Estado  del  Convento  de  Guatemala,  del  Orden  de 
nuestra  Senora  de  la  Merced."  Printed,  1667. 

DIEGO  RODRIGUEZ  DE  RIBAS.  "  Disertacion  canonica  sobre  los  justos 
motives  que  representa  el  Reyno  de  Guatemala,  para  que  el  Consejo  se 
serva  de  erigir  en  Metropoli  ecclesiastica  la  S.  Iglesia  Catedral,  &c." 
Printed,  1660. 

Writers  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

ANTONIO  DE  ALCEDO. 

F.  X.  CLAVIGERO.     (Very  slight  mention.) 

The  following  MSS.  are  yet  at  Guatemala  "  Museo  Nacional." 

PEDRO  CORTES  Y  LARRAZ.  "  Descripcion  geografico  moral  de  la  Dio- 
cesis  de  Guatemala."  1768-69. 

FRAY  FRANCISCO  XIMENEZ.  "  Historia  de  la  Provincia  de  San  Vicente 
de  Chiapa  y  Guatemala  de  la  Orden  de  los  Predicadores."  5  vols. 

JOSE  SANCHEZ.     "  Apuntaciones  para  la  Historia  de  Guatemala." 

FERNANDO  VELASQUEZ  DE  GUZMAN.  "  Kelacion  de  los  Obispos  de 
Guatemala." 

There  is,  besides,  a  MS.  : 

"  Efemerides  de  Guatemala  desde  su  fundacion  hasta  la  ruina  de  1773." 
— Anonymous. 

Printed  works : 

.  FRAY  ISIDRO  FELIX  DE  ESPINOSA.  "  El  Peregrine  Septentrional 
Atlante."  (Life  of  Fray  Antonio  Margil.)  Mexico,  1737. 

FRAY  CARLOS  CADENA.  "  Breve  descripcion  de  la  Noble  Ciudad  de 
Santiago  de  los  Caballaros  de  Guatemala,  &c."  Mexico,  1774. — 2d  Edi- 
tion, Guatemala,  1858. 

JUAN  DE  VILLAGUTIERRE  Y  SOTOMAYOR.     (On  Vera  Paz.) 
FRANCISCO  NUNEZ  DE  LA  VEGA.     (On  Chiapas.) 

TORIBIO  Cosio.     (In  the  University  Library  of  Mexico.) 
FRAY  Jos£  DIEZ.     "  Notlcia  de  las  Misiones  de  Guatemala." 
FRAY  ILDEFONSO  JOSEPH  FLORES.     "  Teologia  de  los  Indios." 
FRAY  FRANCISCO  VASQUEZ.     (See  Chiapas.) 


30 

FRAY  FRANCISCO  XIMENEZ.     (See  Chiapas.) 

It  is  said  that  Ximenez  wrote  two  large  historical  works,  one  in 
five  volumes,  of  which  but  three  were  finished.— This  is  a  mistake,  the 
entire  edition  of  five  volumes  is  still  at  Guatemala.  The  other  work, 
secured  by  Dr.  Scherzer,  bears  the  title  "  Las  Historias  del  Origen  de 
los  Indies  de  esta  Provincia  de  Guatemala  ....,"  and  published  by 
him  at  Vienna  in  1857.  (Anonymous  MS.  said  to  exist  at  Guatemala.) 

"  Informe  del  Provincial  de  la  Orden  de  Santo  Domingo  Guatemala, 
tocante  a  los  negocios  de  la  Vera-Paz."  1724. 

"  Relacion  de  la  Sublevacion  de  los  Zendales."    1712. 

ANTONIO  RODRIGUEZ  CAMPAS.     "  Diario  Historico  de  Guatemala." 
FRAY  JUAN  CARTAJENA.     "La  Sta  Iglesia  de  Guatemala,  madre  fecun- 
disima  de  hijos  ilustrissimos."    Mexico,  1747. 
RAMON  ORDONEZ  Y  AGUIAR.     (See  Chiapas.)     At  Mexico. 
(A  number  of  the  above  works  may  be  lost.) 

Writers  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

All  general  works,  archaeological,  historical,  and  geographical,  are 
left  out.  I  even  omit,  as  abundantly  known,  Kingsborough,  Bancroft, 
Baldwin,  Short,  the  "  Antiquites  Mexicaines,"  the  "Cites  et  Ruines 
Mexicaines  "  of  Waldeck, — Brasseur  de  Bourbourg,  &c.,  &c. — Reference 
to  these  sources  is  self-understood. 

DOMINGO  JUARREZ.  "  Cornpendio  de  la  Historia  de  Guatemala." 
1808-1818,  Guatemala.  (Relies  too  much  on  Fuentes.)  English  trans- 
lation by  Bailey.  London,  1823.  "  A  statistical  and  Commercial  His- 
tory of  the  Kingdom  of  Guatemala,  in  Spanish  America."— A  second 
Spanish  edition  appeared  in  1857. 

FRANCISCO  DE  PAULA  GARCIA  PELAEZ.     (See  Chiapas.). 

"  Memorias  para  la  Historia  del  Antiguo  Reyno  de  Guatemala."     1852. 

CHARLES  ETIENNE  BRASSEUR  DE  BOURBOURG.  "  Popol  Vuh.  Le 
livre  Sacre  et  les  Mythes  de  1'  Antiquite  Amdricaine,  avec  les  livres 
Heroiques  et  Historiques  des  Quiches."  Paris,  1861.  , 

Hardly  any  work  of  this  century  has  created  such  a  "  mixed  "  sensa- 
tion of  a  serious  nature,  as  this  book. — It  could  be  seen  at  a  glance, 
that  no  mystification  was  possible, — but  there  was  a  wide  field  open  for 
discussion  on  the  point  of  origin,  as  far  as  the  document  itself,  the 
"  Popol  Vuh,"  was  concerned. — Still  the  "  sensation"  has  not  resulted 
in  much  active  critical  examination,  and  I  think  (If  I  may  be  per- 
mitted to  commit  such  a  breach  of  modesty,)  myself  the  only  person 
attempting  a  criticism  of  the  "Popol  Vuh"  on  the  basis  of  docu- 
mentary evidence.  Unfortunately,  I  was  unable  to  prepare  my  annota- 
tions in  time  for  the  publication  of  the  27th  Volume  of  Proceedings  of 
the  American  Association  for  the  Advancement  of  Science,  in  1878. — 


31 

Thus  only  the  text  of  "  Sources  for  aboriginal  history  of  Spanish 
America,"  appeared  without  any  documentary  evidence  attached. 

One  thing,  is  evident,  that  the  "  Popol  Vuh  "  was  written.  Now  it  is  a 
fact  very  easily  proven,  that  the  aborigines  of  Guatemala  had  no  pho- 
netic alphabet  whatever,  consequently  that  they  did  not  write. — Therefore 
the  "Popol  Vuh"  must  have  been  composed,  as  an  instrument  in 
writing,  since  the  conquest ;  or  after  1524. — This  is  developed  utterly 
independent  of  the  fact  that  the  document  hints  at  two  data  (p.  343,) 
indicating  the  time  of  its  composition  to  have  been  after  1550,  and  prior 
to  1600. — Therefore  it  was  written  in  our  letters,  or  perhaps  with  the 
aid  of  the  "  five  characters  "  invented  by  Fray  Francisco  de  la  Parra, 
previous  to  1560,  to  indicate  sounds  for  which  our  alphabet  had  no 
signs. — At  all  events,  it  was  written  in  the  native  Quiche  idiom,  and 
was  only  met  with  incidentally  by  Fray  Francisco  Ximenez  at  the  town 
of  Chichicastenango,  towards  the  close  of  the  17th  century. — This 
Dominican  monk  translated  it  into  the  Spanish  language  and  incorpora- 
ted both  text  and  translation  in  the  first  volume  of  his  "  Historia  de 
la  provincia  de  predicadores,  &c." — according  to  Brasseur  de  Bour- 
bourg's  really  silly  and  irritatingly  confused  bibliography — (p.  XIII., "No- 
tice Bibliographique.")  Dr.  Scherzer  certainly  deserves  credit  for  hav- 
ing published  a  Spanish  text  rendering  approximative^  the  "Popol  Vuh," 
in  1857,  and  there  is  no  doubt  but  that  it  is  as  correct  a  rendering  of  the 
original  Quiche  as  the  French  translation  of  Brasseur  de  Bourbourg. 

The  filiation  of  the  text  being  thus  established  as  far  back  as  1550  to 
1600,  it  remains  to  investigate  the  question :  how  much  of  it  was 
originally  Indian; — if  all  of  it  or  not?  There  is  no  doubt  but  that  the 
greater  part  of  it  is  Indian  songs,  preserved  for  centuries,  and  Indian 
myths  and  tales — historical  traditions — which  were  recorded  by  the  com- 
piler in  the  form  now  before  us.  But  this  compiler,  or  rather — recorder 
— has  given  to  these  tales  a  chronological  sequence, — at  least  in  the  first 
part, — which  may  hereafter  prove  conjectural. — Actions  are  made  to  suc- 
ceed to  each  other,  which  may  yet  prove  to  be  without  any  connection 
at  all. — I  do  not  insist  upon  this  point — since  a  new  translation  of  the 
"Popol  Vuh"  should  precede  its  investigation — but  I  particularly 
insist  upon  a  careful  and  critical  study  of  its  first  so-called  "Chapters." 

.These  first  chapters  give  us  cosmological  Ideas  and  Notions,  purport- 
ing to  be  originally  Indian,  which,  at  their  very  inception,  show  a  singular 
admixture  of  foreign  elements.  The  first  sentences  appear  to  be  tran- 
scriptions from  the  bojok  of  Genesis.  They  are  not  aboriginally  Ameri- 
can.— We  are  therefore  led  to  investigate  whether,  prior  to  1550,  European 
influences  could  have  been  brought  to  bear  upon  the  recollection  and 
the  imagination  of  the  natives. — There  is  very  positive  evidence  to  that 
effect. — The  monks,  at  the  earliest  stages  of  conversion,  used  paintings 
of  their  own,  to  impress  upon  the  natives  the  notions  of  a  creation  of 
the  world,  of  the  deluge  and  salvation  of  a  single  pair  therefrom,  &c., 
&c. — The  Dominican  Father  Gonzalo  Lucero  travelled  about  with 
painted  charts  representing  such  striking  events,  which  he  displayed  in 


32 

confirmation  of  his  teachings.  Fray  Jacobo  Testera  (he  died  Aug.  8,  1543) 
used  similar  means.  Fray  Pedro  de  Angulo,  who  went  with  Las  Casas 
to  Guatemala  and  was  made  Provincial  of  Chiapas  in  1561,  wrote  three 
dissertations  in  the  Zutuhil  language,  one  on  the  Creation  of  the  World, 
one  on  Adam's  Fall,  and  one  on  the  Expulsion  of  our  first  fathers  from 
Paradise. — Fray  Luis  Cancer  wrote  similar  pages  in  the  language  of 
Oajaca,  previous  to  1546. — Fray  Domingo  Vico,  who  was  killed  by  the 
Indians  of  Lacandon,  in  1555,  wrote  his  "  Teologia  para  los  Indios,"  in 
the  Quiche  language,  also  a  dissertation  on  the  "  Eternal  Paradise,"  in 
the  language  of  Vera-Paz. — But  there  is  also  indisputable  proof  that 
songs  were  composed  on  the  subject  of  the  creation  of  the  world  and  other 
parts  of  the  Hebrew  Genesis,  in  the  Quich6  language,  which  songs 
were  used  as  the  means  of  conversion  of  the  natives  of  Vera-Paz  in 
1537.  (Remesal.  Lib.  III.,  Cap.  XL,  p.  124.)  They  had  been  composed 
by  Las  Casas,  Fray  Rodrigo  de  Ladrada,  Fray  Pedro  de  Angulo,  and 
probably  Fray  Luis  Cancer.  Many  other  similar  ones  were  composed 
afterwards. 

Thus  we  see  that,  prior  to  1550,  ecclesiastics  had  commenced  to  write 
upon  cosmological  subjects  with  our  letters  and  in  the  languages  of 
Guatemala,  and  that,  on  the  other  hand,  Christian  cosmogony  had 
become  a  text  for  Indian  songs.  The  "  Popol  Vuh  "  has  therefore  noth- 
ing extraordinary  in  its  origin;  it  is  but  a  child  of  its  time,  like  the 
"  Memorial  de  Tecpan-Atitlan,"  by  the  Chief  of  Solola,  only  anonymous, 
— and  preceded  by  a  cosmological  introduction  made  up  of  Christian 
and  Indian  tales  confusedly  intermingled,  and  therefore  apocryphal  so 
far.  These  criticisms,  however,  apply  merely  to  the  "  first  part," — the 
rest  of  the  "  Popol  Vuh  "  appears  to  be  original,  and  therefore  of  the 
greatest  value.  This  however  cannot  be  said  of  the  translation,  only  of 
the  MS.  A  new  translation,  supervised  by  a  native,  should  be  ob- 
tained at  any  price. 

"  Grammaire  Quichee,  et  le  Drame  Rabinal-Ache."    Paris,  1862. 

Of  the  "  Rabinal-Ache,"  a  new  translation  is  absolutely  requisite. 
Mr.  Brasseur,  like  all  translators  of  Indian  songs,  has  so  disfigured  it 
by  the  introduction  of  a  foreign  terminology,  as  to  render  it  useless  for 
any  one  who  has  no  access  to  vocabularies,  &c. 

JOHN  L.  STEPHENS.     (See  Yucatan),  also  FREDERICK  CATHERWOOD. 

JUAN  GALINDO.     (See  Yucatan  and  Chiapas.) 

What  I  have  seen  of  his  reports  has  left  upon  my  mind  the  impression 
that  he  means  to  be  truthful,  but  in  his  zeal  and  eagerness  saw  "  too 
big,"  and  again  "  too  often." 

"The  Ruins  of  Copan  in  Central  America."  Transactions  of  the 
American  Antiquarian  Society,  Vol.  II.,  pp.  545-550.  1836. 

"Notions  sur  Palenque,"  &c.,  &c.,  "transmises  &  la  Societe  gSograph- 
ique  de  France,"  in  "  Antiquites  mexicaines,"  Vol.  I.,  pp.  73-76. — Pub- 


lishecl  also  in  the   "Bulletin"  of  the  Frerch  Geographical  Society,  and 
in  the  "  Literary  Gazette  "  of  London. 

E.  G.  SQUIER.  "The  Serpent-Symbol,  and  the  Worship  of  the  Recip- 
rocal Principles  of  Nature  in  America."  N.  York,  1851. 

"The  States  of  Central  America:  their  Geography,  Topography,  &c., 
&c.  Aborigines,"  N.  York,  1858. 

"  Notes  on  Central  America,  particularly  the  States  of  Honduras  and 
San  Salvador."  N.  York,  1855.  —  German  translation,  Leipzig,  1856. 
—  French  version,  Paris,  1855.  —  Spanish,  Paris,  1856,  (two  different 
translations.) 

"  Honduras,  Descriptive,  Historical  and  Statistical."    London,  1870. 

"Honduras  and  Guatemala."  "The  National  Intelligencer."  N. 
York,  1854. 

"  The  Ruins  of  Tenampua."  Although  in  Honduras,  they  appear  tra- 
ditionally connected  with  Copan.  N.  York,  1853,  in  "  Proceedings  of 
the  Historical  Society  of  New  York." 

"  Monograph  of  Authors  who  have  Written  on  the  Languages  of  Cen- 
tral America."  Albany,  1861.  —  A  very  valuable  and  important  contribu- 
tion to  bibliography. 

CARL  SCHERZER.  "Wanderungen  durch  die  mittel-amerikanischen 
Freistaaten."  Braunschweig,  1857.  —  English  version,  London,  1857. 

"  Narrative  of  the  Circumnavigation  of  the  Globe  by  the  Austrian 
frigate  Novara."  London,  1861.  (The  official  reports  on  the  results  of 
the  circumnavigation,  &c.,  are  very  rare.) 

"  Die  Indianer  von  Ixtlahuacan."    Vienna,  1856.  P.jaf\crr\ft- 

"  Ein  Besuch  bei  den  Ruinen  von  Quirigua."    Vienna.  1855. 

I  omit  here  his  linguistical  writings,  and  his  publication  of  the  "  His- 
toria  del  Origen  de  los  Indios,  &c.,"  \u  1857.—  See  Ximenez. 


TS  WAGNER,  AND  CARL  SCHERZER.     "  Die  Republik  Costa-Rlee 
in  Central  Amerika."     Leipzig,  1857.  —  Describes  the  ruins  of  Quirigua. 

MANUEL  GAL  VAN  RIVERA,  "Historia  de  Mexico,  Guatemala,  Estaclos- 
.Unidos  del  Norte,  Peru,  &c."  Mexico,  1852. 

"GACETA  DE  GUATEMALA."  (From  1797.)  Contains  interesting  notices, 
historical  and  ethnological. 

"  PERIODIOO  DE  LA  SOGIED.AD  EQONOMIOA  DE  GUATEMALA."  (Only  24 
numbers  published  in  1815,  and  1816.)  1  May,  1815,  to  15  April,  1816. 

THE  PADRES  :  CHJOA,  ABELLA,  AND  ESCOTO,  AND  AGUILAR.  "Informes, 
al  Ill'mo  Seiior  Arzobispo  de  Guatemala,  tocantes  a  la  Vera-Paz."  1819 
and  1820.  MSS. 

DOMINGUEZ  DE  MAZARiEGOs.     (See  Chiapas.) 
5 


34 

DOMINGO  FAJARDO.  "Iiiforme  dirigido  al  Gobiorno  Snpretno  de  M6xi- 
co,  relative  a  su  Mision  a  Vera-Paz  y  Peten."  Campeche,  1828. 

ORLANDO  N.  ROBERTS.  "  Narrative  of  Voyages  and  Excursions  on 
the  East  Coast  and  in  the  Interior  of  Central  America."  Edinburgh, 

1827. 

CARL  HERMANN  BERENDT.  "  Report  of  Explorations  in  Central 
America."  Smithsonian  Report,  1867. 

"  Collection  of  historical  documents  on  Guatemala."  Smithsonian 
Report,  1876. 

"  Die  Indianer  des  Isthmus  von  Tehuantepec." — Zeitschrift  fiir  Eth- 
nologic. Berlin,  1873,  Vol.  V. 

"  Analytical  Alphabet  for  the  Mexican  and  Central  American'Lan- 
guages."  Published  by  the  American  Ethnological  Society.  New  York, 
1869, 

"  Cartilla  en  Lengua  Maya  para  la  ensenanza  de  los  ninos  indigenes." 
MSrida,  1871. 

El  Ramie.  Tratado  sobre  el  cultivo  y  algunas  noticias  de  esta  planta. 
Merida  de  Yucatan,  1871.  (Ed.  de  la  ReVista  de  Merida.) 

Los  Escritos  de  D.  Joaquin  Garcia  Icazbalceta.  Ed.  de  la  Revista  de 
Merida.  T.omo  II.,  1870, 

"  Articulo  sobre  El  Mexico',"  se  halla  en  el  "Deutsch  Amerikanisches 
Conversations  Lexicon,  barbeitet  von.  Prof.  Alex.  I.  Schem.  Lieferung 
64,  Band  VII.,  Seite  261,  pp.  27.  (N.  Y.  1872.) 

"Remarks  on  the  Centres  of  Ancient  Civilization  in  Central  America,  and 
their  Geograpical  Distribution."  Address  read  before  the  Am.  Geogr. 
Society,  N.  Y.,  July  10th,  1876,  with  map, 

Zur  Ethnologie  von  Nicaragua.  Articulo  publicado  en  Correspondenz- 
Blatt  der  deutschen  Gesellschaft  fiir  Anthropologie,  Ethnologie  und 
Urgeschichte.  Redigirt  von  N.  A.  v.  Frantzius  in  Heidelberg,  No.  9, 
September,  1874. 

In  "  Geographische  Mittheilungen"  von  A.  Petermann,  Gotha. 

(The  above  makes  no  pretension  to  be  a  full  list  of  the  eminent  lin- 
guist's publications.) 

ADEXANDER  VON  FRANTZIUS.     (See  Palacio.) 

•'  San  Salvador  and  Honduras  iin  lahre,  1847."— Annotated  also  by 
Berendt. 

GUSTAV  BERNOULLI.  "  Reisen  in  der  Republik  Guatemala."  —  In 
"  Petermann's  Mittheilungen,"  1874-75. 

BARON  DER  THEIL.  -**  Le  Guatemala."  In  **  1'  Explorateur,"  Vol.  Ill, 
1876,. 

J.  LAFERRIER.     ?c  Pe  Paris  au  Guatemala."    Paris,  1877. 


35 

GEORGE  WILLIAMSON.  "  Antiquities  in  Guatemala.''  Smithsonian 
Reports,  1876.  (Very  interesting  and  of  great  value  for  archaeological 

studies.) 

J.  W.  BODDAM-WKTHAM.     "Across  Central  America."    London,  1877. 

ADOLPH  BASTIAN.  "Die  Monumeuta  in  Santa  Lucia  Cozumalguapa.  ' 
— "  Zeitschrift  fur  Ethnologic,"  1876. 

"  Die  Culturlaender  des  alten  Amerikas."     (See  Yucatan.) 

GUSTAV  BRUHL.     (See  Yucatan.) 

H.  W.  BATES.  "Central  America,  West  Indies,  and  South  America." 
London,  1878. 

A.  BONCARD.     "  Le  Guatemala." — In  "  L'  explorateur,"  1878.     No.  23. 

FRANCISCO  PIMENTKL.     (See  Yucatan  and  Chiapas.) 
MANUEL  OROZCO  Y  BERRA.     (See  Yucatan,  &c.) 

S.  HABEL.  "The  Sculptures  of  Santa  Lucia  Cozumalguapa." — Smith- 
sonian Contributions,  No.  269.— Washington,  1878. 

In  closing  this  list,  I  must  again  distinctly  state,  that  it  is  very  imper- 
fect,— and  that  no  one  acquainted  with  the  literature  of  Central  America 
can  fail  to  notice  many  omissions. — But  I  had  neither  time,  nor  oppor- 
tunity to  do  better,  owing  to  the  state  of  my  health.  In  conclusion,  I 
wish  to  advert  to  a  few  book-*  of  an  exclusively  bibliographical  tenor, 
which  every  student  of  American  history  must  at  least  attempt  to  con- 
sult.— Some  of  them  are,  unfortunately,  extremely  rare: 

NICOLAS  ANTONIO.  '"Bihliotheca  Hispana  Nova,  &c."  1st  edition, 
Eome,  1672.  2d  edition,  Madrid,  1733-38. 

JUAX  Jos6  DK  KGUIARA  Y  EGUREN.  "  Biblioteca  Mexicana."  Mex- 
ico, 1755.  Incomplete  :  only  the  first  volume  published. 

ANTONIO  DE  ALCEDO.  "  Biblioteca  americana."  MS.  Original  be- 
longed to  Mr.  Jared  Sparks.  Mexico,  1807. 

J.  MAHIANO  BERISTAIN  DE  SOUZA.  "  Biblioteca  Hispana  Americana. 
Septentrional."  Mexico,  1816  and  1819,  3  volumes.  (Exceedingly  rare.) 

BRASSEUR  DE  BOURBOUUG.  "Bibliotheque  mexico-guatemalienue." 
Parts,  1871. 

I  forbear  quoting  here  at  length  the  bibliographical  works  of  Har- 
risse,  Rich,  Ludewig,  Ternaux-Compans,  Sabin,  and  others. — They  are 
deservedly  well  known,  and  of  easy  access  to  any  student. 


36 

OAJACA.     ("  Huaxyacac.") 

Writers  of  the  Sixteenth  Century. 

HEHNAN  CORTES.     (2d  letter.) 

BERNAL  DIEZ  DEL  CASTILLO.     (Casual  notice.) 

FRANCISCO  LOPEZ  DE  GOMAKA.     ("  Conquista  de  Mexico.") 

FRAY  TORIBIO  DE  PARADES,  SURNAMED  MOTOLIXIA.  ("  Historia  de 
los  Indios  de  la  Nueva-Espana."  See  bibliography  of  Yucatan.) — This 
is  probably  the  earliest  mention  of  the  ruins  of  Mitla,  which  wore,  how- 
ever, inhabited  at  that  time.  Motolinia  has  been  entirely  overlooked  by 
Bancroft,  although  his  description  of  Mitla  is  truly  excellent. 

GONZALO  FERNANDEZ  DE  OVIEDO  Y  VALDES.     (Casual  notice.) 

CODEX  CHIMALPOPOCA.  Now  in  process  of  publication,  in  the  "Annies 
del  Museo  Nacional  cle  Mexico."  Vol.  II.,  by  Mendoza,  Sanchez  Solis, 
and  Chavero. 

JUAN  DE  TOBAR.  "  Codice  Ramirez,"— published  by  Sr  J.  M.  Vigil, 
as  an  anonymous  chronicle,  in  1878.  Also  "  Historia  de  los  Indios 
Mexicanos."  Original  in  possession  of  the  Estate  of  Sir  Thomas  Phillips, 
at  Cheltenham,  England.  Copy  of  a  fragment,  privately  printed,  at  the 
Lenox  Library,  New  York.  (Written  between  1579  and  1589.) 

DIEGO  DURAN.  "  Historia  de  las  Indias  de  Nueva-Espaiii,  6  Yslas  de 
Tierra  h'rme." — (Written  between  1579  and  1581,  but  only  the  first  part 
of  it  printed,  at  Mexico,  1867,  by  Sl  Jo^6  Fr  Ramirez.) — Very  important; 
mentions  again  Mitla  as  a  settlement  inhabited  about  1450.  "Apendice" 
por  Alfredo  Chuvaro,  Mexico,  1880. 

FERNANDO  DE  ALVARADO  TEZOZOMOC.  "  Cronica  mexicana." — Writ- 
ten 1598.  Printed  for  the  first  time  in  Vol.  IX.  of  Kingsborough,  and 
again  (though  not  complete)  in  the  "  Biblioteca  mexicana"  of  Sr 
Vigil,  with  notes  by  Sr  Orozco  y  Berra. — A  French  translation  has  been 
made  by  Ternanx-Compans,  under  the  title  of  "  Histoire  clu  Mexiqne, 
par  Alvarado  Tezozomoc,"  Paris,  1853,  2  vols.  It  is  utterly  unreliable. 

FRAY  GERONIMO  DE  MENDIETA.     (Copies  textually  from  Motolinia.) 

FRAY  BERNARDINO  SAHAGUN.  "Historia  universal  de  las  Cosas  de 
Nueva-Espana,"  in  Vols.  f>  and  8  of  Kingsborough. — The  same  book, 
under  the  title  of  "  Historia  general,  &c.,  &c."  appeared  at  Mexico,  in  3 
vols.,  1829,  edited  by  C.  M.  de  Bustamante.  Only  very  slight  and 
casual  mention  of  Oajaca. 

Writers  of  the  Seventeenth  Century. 

AUGUSTIN  DAVILA-PADILLA. 

JUAN  DE  TORQUEMADA.     (Important.) 

ANTONIO  DE  HERRERA.     (Important.) 


37 

GREGORIO  GARCIA.     (Important.) 

FRANCISCO  DE  BURGOA.  "Palestra  Historiale  de  Virtudes  y  Excm- 
plares  Apostolicos."  M6xico,  1670. 

"  Geograflca  Descripcion  de  la  Parte  Septentrional  del  Polo  Artico  de 
la  America."  Mexico,  1674.  This  work  is  regarded  (especially  by  such 
as  have  not  seen  it),  as  the  leading  work  on  Oajaca. — I  have  never  even 
seen  it — it  is  exceedingly  rare. 

Writers  of  the  Eighteenth  Century. 

MARIANO  VEYTIA. 

F.  X.  CLAVIGEHO. 

ANTONIO  DE  ALCEDO. 

LORENZO  BOTURINI  BEKXADCCCI. 

JOSEPH  JOAQUIN  GRANADOS  Y  GALVEZ.  "Tardes  americanas."  M§xi- 
co,  1778  —A  work  considerably  over-estimated,  —  containing  casual 
mention  of  Oajaca, — fluently  written. 

Writers  of  the  Nineteenth  Century. 

I  forbear  mentioning  here  all  the  writers  on  Onjaca, — more  particu- 
larly avoiding  all  the  general  works,— those  excepted  which  contain 
plates  of  special  value.  The  first  who  called  attention  to  Mitla  was 
certainly 

ALEXANDER  VON  HUMBOLDT.  "  Vues  des  Cordilleres  et  monuments 
des  peuples  indigenes  de  1'  Am6rique."  Paris,  1810.  Royal  folio. — Same, 
2  vols.  8°  Paris,  1816.  English  version,  by  Helen  M.  Williams,  London, 
1814. 

"Essai  politique  sur  la  Nouvelle-Espagne."     (See  "  Yucatan.") 

MATHIEU  DE  FOSSEY.     "  Le  Mejique."    Paris,  1857.— Very  fair. 

EDUAKD  MUHLENPFORDT.  "Versuch  einer  getreuen  Schilderung  dep 
Itepublik  Mejico."  Hannover,  1844.  2  vols. 

ARTHUR  VON  TEMPSKY.  "Mitla,  a  Narrative  of  Incidents  and  Per- 
sonal Adventures."  London,  1858. — Of  small  scientific  value. 

GUILLERMO  DUPAIX,  AND  CASTANEDA.  (In  "  Antiquites  Mexicaiues," 
also  in  Lord  Kingsborouglfs  "  Antiquities  of  Mexico.") 

DESIRE  OHARNAY.  (Saw  the  ruins  in  1859.  His  photographs  are 
very  important.) 

JOSE  MARIA  GARCIA.  (Visited  Mitla  in  1855,  according  to  "  Boletin 
de  la  Sock-dad  Mexicana  de  Geogratia  y  Estadistica."  Vol.  VII.,  pp.  271 
and  272.) 


38 

BRANTZ-MAYER.  "  Mexico  as  it  Was  and  as  it  Is."  New  York,  1844. 
Very  fair. 

"  Mexico,  Aztec,  Spanish  and  Republican."  Hartford,  1853.  Very 
good. 

"  Observations  on  Mexican  History  and  Archaeology."  (Smithsonian 
Contributions.  No.  86,  Washington,  1856.)  Contains  Sawkins'  drawings 
of  Mitla.  [?] 

J.  W.  vox  MULLER.  "Beitrage  zur  Geschichte  und  Ethnographic 
von  Mexico."  Leipzig,  1865. 

"  Reisen  in  den  Vereinigten-Staaten,  Canada,  and  Mexico."  Leipzig, 
1864. 

CARLOS  MARIA  DE  BUSTAMANTE.  "  Meinoria  estadistica  de  Oajaca,  y 
descripciou  del  Valle  del  inismo  nombre."  Vera-Cruz,  1821. 

MURGUIA.  '•  Estadistica  antigna  y  moderna  de  la  Provincia  de 
Guajaca."  ,  "  Boletin,  &c."  Vol.  IF.) 

JUAN  B.  CARRIEDO.  The  writings  of  this  author  are,  unfortunately, 
but  little  known.— In  the  "  Ilustracion  Mexicana,"  Vol.  II.,  he  has  given 
an  essay  on  "  Los  Palacios  Antiguos  de  Mitla."— But  he  has  published 
other  papers  and  even  books  on  the  same  subject. 

"  Estudios  historicos,  y  estadisticos  del  estado  Oaxaqueno."  Oajaca, 
1850. 

The  Astor  Library  of  New  York  has  an  incomplete  copy  of  a  work  of 
Carriedo  on  Oajaca,  with  colored  drawings  by  him, — nnfini*hed.  Co- 
pious notes  by  the  author's  own  hand  accompany  the  text.  In  historical 
questions  Carriedo  mostly  follows  and  cites  Burgoa. 

FRANCISCO  PIMKNTEL.  "Cuadro  descriptive  de  las  Lenguas  Indigenas 
de  Mexico."  (See  Yucatan  and  Chiapas.) 

MANUEL  OROZCO  Y  BKRRA.  In  "  Geografia  de  las  Lenguas."— Refer- 
ence is  made  to  a  number  of  very  important  papers  on  Oajaca,  the  title 
of  one,  among  others,  "  Estado  que  comprende  el  numero  de  Parro- 
quias  de  la  Diocesis  de  Oajaca,  con  expresion  de  sus  nombres,  Estado  6 
Territorio  en  que  estan  situadas,  niimero  de  pueblos,  &c.,  &c." 

Further,  certain  official  reports  are  quoted, — the  originals  of  which  are 
in  the  hands  of  my  friend  Sr  J.  G.  Icazbalceta,—  Sr  Orozco  mentions  the 
following: 

PEDRO  DE  LEDESMA.     "  Relacion  de  Oajaca,  por  el  alcalde  .  .  ."  1579. 

HERNANDO  DE  CERVANTES.  "  Relacion  de  Teotzacualco  y  Amoltepec. 
.  .  .  ."  1580. 

AUGUSTIN  DE  SALAZAR.     "  Relacion  del  vicario  de  Chilapa." 

JUAN  LOPKZ.     "  Relaciou  del  Corregidor  .  .  .  ."     1579. 


39 

Finally,  I  must  call  attention  to  a  linguistical  work,  known  to  me 
only  through  Sr  Orozco  y  Berra's  citation,  and  through  references  given 
by  Sr  Pimentel— to  wit : 

ANTONIO  DE  LOS  REYES.     "  Arte  en  lengua  mixteca."    Mexico,  1593. 

Numerous  grammars,  vocabularies,  "  doctrinas,"  sermonaries,  &c., 
&c.,  were  written  in  the  course  of  the  16th  century,  of  and  in  the  lan- 
guage of  Oajaca. 

EMILIO  HERBRUGER.  "  Album  de  vistas  fotograficas  de  las  antiguas 
Ruinas  de  los  Palacios  de  Mitla."  Oaxaca,  1875.  Text  and  valuable 
photographs. 

In  conclusion,  I  would  merely  beg  to  add, — that  there  can  hardly  be 
any  doubt  as  to  the  fact  that  Mitla  was  inhabited  when  the  Spaniards 
first  visited  the  place.  It  therefore  becomes  a  point  of  special  interest. 


